Chemistry in Everyday Life Class 12 Chemistry Exam Questions

Please refer to the below Chemistry in Everyday Life important questions for Class 12 Chemistry. These questions and answers have been prepared as per the latest NCERT Book for Class 12 Chemistry. Students should go through chapter wise Class 12 Chemistry Important Questions designed as per the latest examination pattern issued by CBSE.

Short Answer Questions :

Question. Mr. Roy, the principal of one reputed school organized a seminar in which he invited parents and principals to discuss the serious issue of diabetes and depression in students. They all resolved this issue by strictly banning the junk food in schools and to introduce healthy snacks and drinks like soup, lassi, milk etc. in school canteens. They also decided to make compulsory half an hour physical activities for the students in the morning assembly daily. after six months, Mr. Roy conducted the health survey in most of the schools and discovered a tremendous improvement in the health of students.
after reading the above passage, answer the following:
(i) What are the values (at least two) displayed by Mr. Roy?
(ii) As a student, how can you spread awareness about this issue?
(iii) What are the tranquilizers? Give an example.
(iv) Why is use of aspartame limited to cold foods and drinks? 
Answer : (i) Mr. Roy displayed responsibility and concern towards the health needs of students.
(ii) Awareness regarding diabetes and depression can be spread by conducting workshops for students, teachers as well as parents, by health camps, seminars and through school magazines.
(iii) Tranquilizers : Those medicines which act on central nervous system and help in reducing anxiety and relieve tension on the nerves are called tranquilizers. For example, valium.
(iv) Use of aspartame is limited to cold food and drinks because it is unstable at cooking temperature.

Question. What are the following substance? Give one example?
Synthetic detergents
Answer : Synthetic detergents : These are cleansing agents which have all the properties of soaps but actually do not contain any soap. These can be used both in soft and hard water. e.g., sodium p-dodecylbenzene-sulphonate.

Question. What are the following substances ? Give one example of each :
(i) Antihistamines
(ii) Tranquilizers
(iii) Broad spectrum antibiotics 
Answer : (i) The drugs which prevents the interaction of histamine with the receptors where histamine exerts its effect are called antihistamines. E.g. Synthetic drug brompheniramine (Dimetapp) and terfenadine (Seldane) acts as antihistamines.
(ii) Tranquilizers : Those medicines which act on central nervous system and help in reducing anxiety and relieve tension on the nerves are called tranquilizers. For example, valium.
(iii) The antibiotic which is effective against a wide range of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria is known as broad spectrum antibiotic. For example, chloramphenicol.

Question. What is the cause of a feeling of depression in human beings? Name a drug which can be useful in treating this depression.
Answer : Low level of noradrenaline is the cause of depression of human being. 
Equanil is used for treatment.

Question. Neeraj went to the departmental store to purchase groceries. On one of the shelves he noticed sugar-free tablets. He decided to buy them for his grandfather who was a diabetic.
There were three types of sugar-free tablets. He decided to buy sucralose which was good for his grandfather’s health.
(i) Name another sugar-free tablet which Neeraj did not purchase.
(ii) Was it right to purchase such medicines without doctor’s prescription?
(iii) What quality of Neeraj is reflected above?
Answer : (i) Alitame and aspartame
(ii) Yes, sucralose can be purchased without doctor’s consultation because Sucralose pass through the human body unmetabolised without producing any calories.
(iii) General awareness and responsibility knowledge of chemical.

Question. What are analgesic medicines ? How are they classified and when are they commonly recommended for use ?
Answer : Analgesic medicines : The chemical substances which are used to relieve pain without causing impairment of consciousness are called analgesic medicines.
There are two types of analgesic medicines.
(i) Non narcotic drugs : These are effective in relieving skeletal pain, preventing heart attack and viral inflammation etc. For e.g., Aspirin and paracetamol.
(ii) Narcotic drugs : These are recommended for the relief in postoperative pain, cardiac pain, pains of terminal cancer, and child birth. These are morphine derivatives and habit forming.

Question. What are antiseptics? Give one example.
Answer : Antiseptics : These are the chemical substances used to prevent the growth of microorganisms or to kill them and are safe to be applied on living tissues.  These are applied to wounds and cuts. For examples (i) iodoform (ii) tincture of iodine.

Question. Define the following term :
Narcotic drugs 
Answer : Narcotic analgesics are pain killers and induce sleep. If taken in high amount they produce coma, convulsions and ultimately, death for e.g. Morphine.

Question. Seeing the growing cases of diabetes and depression among young children, Mr. Lugani, the principal of one reputed school organized a seminar in which he invited parents and principals. They all resolved this issue by strictly banning junk food in schools and introducing healthy snacks and drinks like soup, lassi, milk, etc. in school canteens. They also decided to make compulsory half an hour of daily physical activities for the students in the morning assembly. after six months, Mr. Lugani conducted the health survey in most of the schools and discovered a tremendous improvement in the health of the students.
after reading the above passage, answer the following questions :
(i) What are the values (at least two) displayed by Mr. Lugani?
(ii) As a student, how can you spread awareness about this issue?
(iii) What are antidepressant drugs? Give an example.
(iv) Name the sweetening agent used in the preparation of sweets for a diabetic patient. 
Answer : (i) Two values displayed by Mr. Lugani are
(a) He showed concern about the health of students and banned junk food.
(b) He took the responsibility of improving the health of students and introduced half an hour compulsory physical activity in the morning assembly.
(ii) Awareness about this issue can be spread by organizing awareness camps in our society, using social media etc.
(iii) Chemicals used for the treatment of depression are called antidepressant drugs or tranquillizers. e.g., phenelzine
(iv) Saccharin is the sweetener used in the preparation of sweets for a diabetic person.

Question. Why do we require artificial sweetening agents? 
Answer : Artificial sweetening agents are required by diabetic persons and people who need to control intake of calories.

Question. What is the following? Give one example.
Antibiotics 
Answer : Antibiotics are chemical substances (prepared wholly or partially by chemical synthesis) which in low concentration either kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms by intervening in their metabolic processes. E.g.,
Dysidazirine – Toxic towards cancer cells.

Question. Answer the following questions :
(i) What are the main constituents of dettol?
(ii) How do antiseptics differ from disinfectants? 
Answer : (i) Chloroxylenol and terpineol.
(ii) Antiseptics : These are the chemical substances used to prevent the growth of microorganisms or to kill them and are safe to be applied on living tissues.  These are applied to wounds and cuts. For examples (i) iodoform (ii) tincture of iodine.
Disinfectants : These are chemical substances used to kill micro-organisms in inanimate materials and are not safe to be applied to the living tissues.
Examples
(i) 1% solution of phenol.
(ii) Solution of o-, m- and p-methylphenols (cresols) in soapy water is called lysol and is used as a disinfectant.

Question. What are the food preservatives? Name two such substances. 
Answer : Chemicals which prevent the spoilage of food due to microbial growth are called food preservatives. Table salt, sugar, vegetable oils are some commonly used food preservatives.

Question. On the occasion of World Health Day, Dr. Satpal organized a ‘health camp’ for the poor farmers living in a nearby village. after checkup, he was shocked to see that most of the farmers suffered from cancer due to regular exposure to pesticides and many were diabetic.  They distributed free medicines to them. Dr. Satpal immediately reported the matter to the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC). On the suggestions of NHRC, the government decided to provide medical care, financial assistance, setting up of super-speciality hospitals for treatment and prevention of the deadly disease in the affected villages all over India.
(i) Write the values shown by
(a) Dr. Satpal (b) NHRC.
(ii) What type of analgesics are chietly used for the relief of pains of terminal cancer?
(iii) Give an example of artificial sweetener that could have been recommended to diabetic patients. 
Answer : (i) (a) Dr. Satpal showed that a doctor should be sympathetic to the health needs of the society.
(b) NHRC showed that government should provide medical care and financial assistance to rural population of India. 
(ii) Narcotic analgesics are chietly used for the relief of pain of terminal cancer.
(iii) Saccharin is an artificial sweetener which could be recommended to diabetic patients.

Question. Which one of the following is a food preservative?
Equanil, Morphine, Sodium benzoate.
Answer : Sodium benzoate-food preservative. Morphinenarcoti-analgesic equanil-tranquilizer.

Question. What are the following substance ? Give one example.
Nonionic detergents 
Answer : Non-ionic detergents some detergents like esters of high molecular mass, formed by reaction between polyethylene glycol and stearic acid, are called nonionic detergents. These detergents do not contain any ion in their constitution e.g.,
CH₃(CH₂)₁₆COO(CH₂CH₂O)nCH₂CH₂OH

Question. State the reason in each of the following cases:
(i) Soaps do not work well in hard water.
(ii) Synthetic detergents are better than soaps.
Answer : (i) Soap has a hydrophobic part (hydrocarbon) that attracts dirt, grease oil, etc. whereas hydrophilic part (— COONa) attracts water that take oil, dirt and grease. Soaps do not work well with hard water because Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ ions of hard water react with soap to form magnesium and calcium salts of fatty acids which are insoluble in water and form scum.
2C₁₇H₃₅COONa + CaCl₂ → 2NaCl + (C₁₄ H₃₅COO)₂Ca
              Soap                               Insoluble calcium stearate (soap)
(ii) Synthetic detergents are better than soaps because they form foam even in hard water whereas soaps do not. Some of the detergents give foam even in ice cold water.

Question. Answer the following questions :
(i) Why should medicines not be taken without consulting a doctor?
(ii) What is meant by ‘broad spectrum antibiotics’?
(iii) What are the main constituents of Dettol?
Answer : (i) We should not take medicine without consulting doctor because we don’t know about that particular medicine that what would be its reaction and sideffect. May be a single medicine can cause death. It could be harmful for our life. So, don’t take medicine without consulting of doctor.
(ii)  The antibiotic which is effective against a wide range of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria is known as broad spectrum antibiotic. For example, chloramphenicol.
(iii) Chloroxylenol and terpineol.

Question. Why do soaps not work in hard water ?
Answer : Soap has a hydrophobic part (hydrocarbon) that attracts dirt, grease oil, etc. whereas hydrophilic part (— COONa) attracts water that take oil, dirt and grease. Soaps do not work well with hard water because Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ ions of hard water react with soap to form magnesium and calcium salts of fatty acids which are insoluble in water and form scum.
2C₁₇H₃₅COONa + CaCl₂ → 2NaCl + (C₁₄ H₃₅COO)₂Ca
              Soap                               Insoluble calcium stearate (soap)

Question. Explain the following terms :
(i) Cationic detergents
(ii) Anionic detergents
(iii) Neutral detergents 
Answer : (i) Cationic detergents : Detergents in which large part of molecules is cation are called cationic detergents.
These are quaternary ammonium salts. 
e.g. Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide

(ii) Anionic detergent : A detergent whose large part of the molecule is anion is called anionic detergent.
These are sodium salts of sulphonated long chain alcohols or hydrocarbons.
e.g. Sodium laurylsulphate
CH₃ –(CH₂)₁₀CH₂OSO^–₃Na⁺
(iii) Non-ionic detergents some detergents like esters of high molecular mass, formed by reaction between polyethylene glycol and stearic acid, are called nonionic detergents. These detergents do not contain any ion in their constitution e.g.,
CH₃(CH₂)₁₆COO(CH₂CH₂O)nCH₂CH₂OH