Manufacturing Industries Class 10 Social Science Exam Questions

Objective Type Questions

Question. Which of the following is not correct ?
(a) Agriculture and industries are dependent on each other.
(b) India is largest producer of raw jute and jute goods
(c) Sugar and textile industry are examples of mineral industry.
(d) Chemical industry has two sectors i.e. organic and inorganic.
Answer : (c) Sugar and textile industry are examples of mineral industry.

Question. Most of the integrated steel plants in India are located in ………… . Choose the correct option.
(a) Malwa Plateau
(b) Chota Nagpur Plateau
(c) Bundelkhand Plateau
(d) Meghalaya Plateau
Answer : (b) Chota Nagpur Plateau

Question. Find the incorrectly matched pair from the given options.
(a) Public Sector – BHEL
(b) Private Sector – SAIL
(c) Joint Sector – Oil India Limited
(d) Manufacturing Sector – NMCC
Answer : (b) Private Sector – SAIL

Question. Which of the following is jointly owned by public and private sectors?
(a) Bajaj Auto Ltd
(b) TISCO
(c) BHEL
(d) Oil India Ltd
Answer : (d) Oil India Ltd

Question. Which one of the following industries uses bauxite as a raw material?
(a) Aluminium Smelting
(b) Cement
(c) Paper
(d) Steel
Answer : (a) Aluminium Smelting

Question. Identify the type of industry with the help of informations given below.
◆ This industry comprises of both large scale and small scale manufacturing units.
◆ It consists of two sectors namely organic and inorganic sectors.
(a) Automobile Industry
(b) Fertiliser Industry
(c) Chemical Industry
(d) Cement Industry
Answer : (c) Chemical Industry

Question. Which type of pollution occurs when hot water from factories is drained into rivers and ponds before cooling?
(a) Thermal pollution
(b) Water pollution
(c) Air pollution
(d) Noise pollution
Answer : (a) Thermal pollution

Question. Identify the type of pollution with the help of given information.
◆ This occurs when hot water from factories and thermal plants is drained into rivers and ponds before cooling,
◆ Due to this pollution chemicals get absorb in the soil, making the soil useless.
(a) Air Pollution
(b) Water Pollution
(c) Thermal Pollution
(d) Noise Pollution
Answer : (c) Thermal Pollution

Question. Match the following items given in Column A with those in Column B

Codes
(a) A – 2, B – 3, C – 4, D – 1
(b) A – 3, B – 4, C – 1, D – 2
(c) A – 4, B – 3, C – 2, D – 1
(d) A – 1, B – 4, C – 3, D – 2
Answer : (c) A – 4, B – 3, C – 2, D – 1

Question. Assertion (A) Aluminium has gained popularity as a substitute of steel, copper, zinc and lead in different industries.
Reason (R) Aluminium is the second most important metallurgical industry in India.
Codes
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Answer : (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A

Question. Assertion (A) India imports potash from other countries.
Reason (R) India does not have any of the commercially usable potash or potassium compounds in any form.
Codes
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Answer : (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Question. Assertion (A) In recent years, there is a tendency for the sugar mills to concentrate in the Southern and Western States, especially in Maharashtra.
Reason (R) The cane produced in the Southern and Western states has higher sucrose content and cooler climate also ensures a longer crushing season.
Codes
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Answer : (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question. How are agriculture and industry correlated ?
Answer : Agriculture provides raw materials for the industries, whereas, agro based industries have given a major boost to agriculture by raising its productivity value.

Question. Industrial wastes are damaging our natural resources. Suggest any one way for judicious management of industrial waste.
Answer : Minimising the waste generation by maximising ash utilisation.

Question. Sugar Industry in Maharashtra comes under which category ?
Answer : Sugar industry in Maharashtra falls under the category of cooperative sector industries which are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both.

Question. What are basic industries ?
Answer : Industries which supply their products or materials to manufacture other goods like iron and steel, etc. are known as basic or key industries.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question. What are the different types of pollutions industries are responsible for ? OR Explain the types of industrial Pollutions.
Answer : Industries are responsible for the following types of pollutions :
(i) Air Pollution : The smoke from the industries pollute the air.
(ii) Water Pollution : It is caused by untreated organic and inorganic industrial wastes and affluent discharged into rivers.
(iii) Thermal pollution : It occurs when hot water from factories and thermal plants is drained into rivers and ponds before cooling.
(iv) Noise pollution : It not only results in irritation and anger, it can also cause hearing impairment, increased heart rate and blood pressure among other physiological effects. Unwanted sound is an irritant and a source of stress.
(v) Land Pollution : Land and water pollution are closely related. Dumping of industrial waste specially glasses, harmful chemicals, salts, etc., into soil, resulting in degradation of soil.

Question. Explain the importance of textile industry in India economy.
Answer : The textile industries contribute significantly to industrial production.
(i) After agriculture, textile industries employ the largest number of people.
(ii) They bring in about 26.4% of the total foreign exchange earnings
(iii) Their contribution towards the GDP is 4% which is quite significant.
(iv) Textile is the only industry which is self-sufficient and complete in its value chain.

Question. What are the different types of industries based on ownership ?
Answer : On the basis of ownership, industries are classified as :
(i) Public sector industries : Owned and operated by government agencies–BHEL, SAIL, etc.
(ii) Private sector industries : Owned and operated by an individual or group of individuals–TISCO, Dabur Industries, etc.
(iii) Joint sector industries : Jointly run by the public and private sectors–Oil India Ltd.
(iv) Cooperative sector industries : Owned and operated by the producer or suppliers of raw material, workers or both–Sugar industries in Maharashtra.

Question. How do industries create thermal and noise pollution? Mention their consequences.
Answer : Industries create thermal and noise pollution in the following ways
◆ Thermal pollution of water bodies occurs when hot water from factories and thermal power plants is released into them before cooling.
The consequence of thermal pollution are that aquatic life in the water bodies can be killed. This includes plants as well as fish.
◆ Noise pollution is generated by the unbearable noise from industrial and construction activities, machinery, generators, pneumatic and electric tools.
The consequences of noise polutions create irritation, anger, stress, hearing impairment, increased heart rate and blood pressure among other physiological effects.

Question. “Industrialisation and urbanisation go hand in hand.” Justify the statement by giving any three arguments.
Answer : Industrialisation and urbanisation go hand in hand. For example,
(i) Industrialisation causes growth in available factory jobs. As a result, employment rate increases which pulls people from various places towards the places where industries are located.
(ii) Many industries tend to come together to make use of advantages offered by the urban centres.
(iii) Cities provide markets and also provide services such as banking, insurance, transport, labour, consultants and financial advice, which are needed by the industry.

Question. Mention any two factors that have contributed to a healthy growth of the automobile industry in India. Name two centres where this industry is located.
Answer : Two factors contributing to healthy growth of the automobile sector are
(i) Liberalisation is one of the major factors which provided boost in the growth of the automobile industry in India. With the introduction of new and contemporary models of automobiles in the country, the demand for these vehicles increased at a faster pace.
(ii) With the introduction of new technology in this sector, Indian industries are now capable to compete with the global technologies. This could happen by Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Two major centres where this industry is located are Gurugram and Indore.

Question. ‘‘Sugar industry in India is facing challenges.’’ Analyse the statement with suitable arguments.
Answer : Sugar industry in India is facing lot of challenges which are
(i) This industry is seasonal as it is dependent on sugarcane which is an annual crop. Workers get employed only for a short period.
(ii) The machines and ways of producing sugar from sugarcane are old and inefficient.
(iii) The raw material i.e. sugarcane is bulky which increases the transportation cost and difficulty of transporting.
(iv) The sucrose content in sugarcane keeps on decreasing with time so transport delay in reaching sugarcane to factories results in losses.
(v) There is also the challenge of using the byproducts of sugarcane properly like bagasse.

Question. Mention any six factors responsible for the location of jute mills in the Hugli basin.
Answer : Factors responsible for location of jute mills in the Hugli basin are
(i) Proximity of the jute producing areas.
(ii) Inexpensive water transport, supported by a good network of railways and roadways.
(iii) Abundance of water for processing raw jute.
(iv) Availability of cheap labour from nearby areas.
(v) Facilities for export of jute goods.
(vi) Banking, insurance and other commercial facilities to jute industry.

Question. Mention the negative impacts of waste from the nuclear plant.
Answer : Negative impacts of waste from the nuclear plants are
◆ Waste from nuclear plants have radioactive properties and may cause cancers, birth defects and miscarriages.
◆ Nuclear wastes are generally dumped in deep sea-water. In case of their unfortunate leakage, there will be severe threat to aquatic life.
◆ Radioactive contamination can easily spread throughout the environment and the air, land and water can all become polluted and harm humans and other life forms.

Question. Mention any two challenges faced by the jute industry in India. State any one step taken by the government to stimulate its demand.
Answer : The two challenges faced by the jute industry in India are
(i) Stiff competition in the international market from synthetic substitutes.
(ii) Supply competition from other jute producing nations like Bangladesh, Brazil, Philippines, Egypt and Thailand.
The step taken by the government to stimulate the demand for jute is that it has introduced a policy of mandatory use of jute packaging. The main markets of jute industries are USA, Canada, Ghana, Saudi Arabia, UK and Australia.

Question. Classify industries on the basis of their main role. How are the different from each other ?
Answer : Industries are classified on the basis of their main role into two:
(i) Basic or key industries (ii) Consumer industries Difference : They are different from each other as Basic or key industries supply their products as raw materials to manufacture other goods e.g. iron and steel and copper smelting, aluminium smelting whereas Consumer industries produce goods for direct use by consumers e.g. sugar, toothpaste, paper, sewing machines, fans etc.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question. Explain the ways through which the industrial pollution of fresh water can be reduced.
OR How can the industrial pollution of fresh water be reduced ? Explain various ways.
Answer : The industrial pollution of fresh water can be reduced by following ways:
(i) Minimising the use of water for processing by reusing.
(ii) Harvesting of rain water to meet water requirement.
(iii) Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds.
(iv) Regulation of use of ground water by industries.
(v) Installing water treatment plants at the industrial sites for recycling.

Question. Why does the textile industry occupy an important position in the Indian economy ? Explain.
Answer : Textile industry occupies unique position in Indian economy because
(i) Contribution to Industrial Production This industry is self-reliant and complete in the value chain, which means from production of cotton to processing of textiles, all the procedures are well developed and done in the country.
(ii) Employment Generation This industry generates employment for large number of persons directly or indirectly.
(iii) Demand Creation Textile industries create demand for other industries such as chemicals, dyes, packaging materials, engineering works, handicrafts industry etc.
(iv) Foreign Exchange Earnings By exporting the products of this industry, the country earns foreign exchange.
(v) Supports Agriculture This is a major agro-based industry of India and supports agriculture in a big way both by buying agricultural output (cotton) and by providing agricultural inputs (hybrid cotton seeds, implements).

Question. Explain any three physical factors and two human factors for the location of the industry.
OR
Explain with examples any five factors that are responsible for industrial location.
OR
Explain any three factors affecting the localisation of industries with suitable examples.
Answer : The physical and human factors that affect the location of industry are
Physical Factors
(i) Availability of Raw Materials The factory needs to be close to the location of raw material if they are heavy and bulky to transport. For example, iron and steel industry is located near the source of raw material.
(ii) Water Source Water is an important factor that determines the location of industries. Water is required for various industrial processes. River water and waterfalls can also be used to generate hydroelectricity.
(iii) Climate It plays a significant role in establishment of industries. Harsh climate is not much suitable for industries. Extremely hot, humid, dry or cold climate is not very conducive for industries.
For example, cotton textile industry requires humid climate because thread breaks in dry climate.
Human Factors
(i) Labour A large and cheap labour force is required for labour-intensive and manufacturing industries. High-tech industries have to be located where suitable skilled workers are available.
(ii) Capital This is the money that is invested to start a business. The amount of capital will determine the size and location of the factor.
(iii) Government Policies Industrial development is encouraged in some areas and restricted in others.
Industries that are located in backward areas may receive financial incentives and assistance from the government in the form of low rent and tax rates.

Question. Why does the ‘Chota Nagpur Plateau region’ have the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries? Analyse the reasons.
OR
Explain the reasons for concentration of iron and steel industries in and around Chotanagpur region.
Answer : The reasons/factors responsible for the concentration of iron and steel industries in and around the ‘Chotanagpur Plateau Region’ are
(i) Low Cost of Iron Ore Iron mines are located in the nearby areas. It helps to reduce the transportation cost of iron ore to the industries.
(ii) High Grade Raw Materials in Proximity Bulky raw materials like, coking coal, limestone are also available in proximity.
(iii) Availability of Cheap Labour From the adjoining areas of Bihar, Jharkhand and Odisha, cheap labour is available in abundance.
(iv) Dense Transport Network This region is well connected with roadways and railways that help in the swift movement of raw materials and finished goods to the industry and market areas, respectively.
(v) Port Facilities Kolkata is a well developed port that is near to this area.

Question. Why is the economic strength of a country measured by the development of manufacturing industries ? Explain with examples.
Answer : The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries because
◆ Manufacturing industries help in modernising agriculture, which forms the backbone of our economy. For example, these provide tractors, thresher, irrigation pumping machines and other modern machineries for agricultural development.
◆ Manufacturing also reduces the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.
◆ Industrial development helps in removal of unemployment and poverty. It also aims at bringing down regional differences by establishing industries in backward areas. For example, handloom industries in tribal regions.
◆ Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce and brings much needed foreign exchange.
◆ Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of finished goods of higher value are prosperous.

Question. How are industries responsible for environmental degradation in India? Explain with examples.
Answer : Industries are responsible for environmental degradation in India by following ways :
(i) The presence of high proportion of undesirable gases such as sulphur dioxide, and carbon monoxide is a product of these industries. They affect the environment majorly.
(ii) Industrial and construction activities, machinery and factory equipments, generators, saws and pneumatic and electric drills also make a lot of noise in environment.
(iii) The main culprits in this regard are paper, pulp, chemical and textile industries that let out dyes, detergents, acids, salts and heavy metals etc. with carbon, plastic and rubber into the water bodies.
(iv) Air-borne waste particle contains both solid and liquid particles like dust, sprays, mist and smoke which pollutes the environment.

Case Based Questions

Question. Read the given case/source and answer the following questions.

In the early years, the cotton textile industry was concentrated in the cotton growing belt of Maharashtra and Gujarat. Availability of raw cotton, market, transport including accessible port facilities, labour, moist climate, etc. contributed towards its localisation.
This industry has close links with agriculture and provides a living to farmers, cotton ball pluckers and workers engaged in ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing, designing, packaging, tailoring and sewing. The industry by creating demands supports many other industries, such as, chemicals and dyes, packaging materials and engineering works.

(i) Which two places were important in early years for the concentration of textile industry in India? State any one challenge faced by cotton textile industries in India.
Answer : Gujarat and Maharashtra were important in early years for the concentration of textile industry in India. The challenges faced by cotton textile industries in India is that this industry faces stiff competition from the synthetic fibre in terms of cost and convenience of use.

(ii) To what extent do you agree that these places are suitable for the location of cotton textile industry? State any two reasons.
Answer : Gujarat and Maharashtra are suitable for the location of cotton textile industry because
(a) Both states have favourable climate conditions for growing cotton.
(b) Both states have well developed market, where there is a lot of demand for cotton textiles.

(iii) To what extent do you agree that cotton textile industry has close links with agriculture and also supports other industries as well? State two reasons.
Answer : It is true that cotton textile industry has close links with agriculture and also supports industries as
(a) Cotton textile industry provides a living to farmers and cotton ball pluckers because they grow cotton which is the basic raw material of this industry.
(b) This industry by creating demands supports many other industries. For example, chemicals and dyes, mill stores, packaging materials and engineering works.