MCQs For Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and its Compounds

Please refer to the MCQ Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and its Compounds with Answers. The following Carbon and its Compounds Class 10 Science MCQ Questions have been designed based on the current academic year syllabus and examination guidelines for Class 10. Our faculty has designed MCQ Questions for Class 10 Science with Answers for all chapters as per your NCERT Class 10 Science book.

Carbon and its Compounds Class 10 MCQ Questions with Answers

Please see below Carbon and its Compounds Class 10 Science MCQ Questions, solve the questions and compare your answers with the solutions provided below.

Question.. –C=O represents the functional group:
(a) Alcohols
(b) Carboxylic acids
(c) ketones
(d) Acids

Question.. Which of the following are members of the same homologous series:     
(a) CH₄ and C2H₄
(b) CH³OH and CH₃Cl
(c) C₂H₅OH and C₃H₇OH
(d) CH₃OCH₃ and C₂H₅OH

Question.. The difference in the molecular formula and molecular mass of CH₄ and C₂H₆ is:     
(a) CH₃ and 12u
(b) CH₂ and 12u
(c) CH₃ and 14u
(d) CH₂ and 14u

Question. The correct electron dot structure of a water molecule is

Question. The molecular formula of ethene and its electron dot structure is

Question. A molecule of ammonia (NH₃) has
(a) only single bonds
(b) only double bonds
(c) only triple bonds
(d) two double bonds and one single bond

Question. Which of the following is the correct representation of electron dot structure of nitrogen?

Question. Carbon forms four covalent bonds by sharing its four valence electrons with four univalent atoms, e.g. hydrogen. After the formation of four bonds, carbon attains the electronic configuration of
(a) Helium
(b) Neon
(c) Argon
(d) Krypton

Question. Structural formula of benzene is

Question. Which of the following is not a straight chain hydrocarbon?

Question.. Which of the following statements about diamond and graphite is true?   
(a) They have same crystal structure
(b) They have same degree of hardness
(c) They have same electrical conductivity
(d) They have same chemical properties.

Question.. The odour of acetic acid resembles that of:   
(a) Tomato
(b) Kerosene
(c) Vinegar
(d) Lemon juice

Question.. A functional group mainly determines the     
(a) Physical properties
(b) Chemical properties
(c) Both
(d) None of these

Question.. 100% pure ethanol is called     
(a) Rectified spirit
(b) Absolute alcohol
(c) Denatured alcohol
(d) Power alcohol

Question.. The number of covalent bonds in C₅H₁₂ is:     
(a) 15
(b) 16
(c) 17
(d) 18

Question.. Which amongst the following does not conduct electricity:   
(a) CH₃COOH
(b) C₃H₇OH
(c) HCOOH
(d) NaCl(aq)

Question.. Carboxylic acid containing one carbon atom is   
(a) Formic acid
(b) Acetic acid
(c) Citric acid
(d) Vinegar

Question.. Methane reacts with one mole of Chlorine in presence of sunlight to give _________. The reaction is called_______.     
(a) Chloromethane, substitution
(b) Dichloromethane, addition
(c) Trichloromethane, elimination
(d) Tetra chloro methane, combustion

Question.. Sodium carbonate solution is added to dilute ethanoic acid. It is observed that :   
(a) A gas evolves
(b) A solid settles at the bottom
(c) The mixture becomes warm
(d) The colour of the mixture

Question.. 2ml of acetic acid is added to 5ml of water and was shaken up for 1minute, it was noticed that: 
(a) The acid formed a separate layer on the top of water
(b) Water formed a separate layer on the top of the acid
(c) A clear and homogeneous solution is formed
(d) A pink and clear solution is formed

Question. Catenation is maximum in:   
(a) Carbon
(b) Oxygen
(c) Sulphur
(d) Phosphorous

Question.. Ethane and ethene can be distinguished by using:   
(a) Bromine water
(b) Chlorine water
(c) I₂
(d) HCl

Question.. On adding NaHCO₃ to acetic acid, a gas is evolved which turns lime water milky due to the formation of: 
(a) Calcium Carbonate     
(b) Calcium Hydroxide
(c) Calcium bicarbonate
(d) Calcium Acetate

Question.. Which among the following contains triple bond:     
(a) C₂H₄
(b) C₂H₂
(c) C₃H₄
(d) C₂H₆

Question.. The IUPAC name of the following;   
H H H H
H—C—C—C—C—O—H
H H H H
(a) Butanal
(b) Butanoic acid
(c) Butanol
(d) Pentane

Question.. The number of isomers of C₆H₁₄ are   
(a) 4
(b) 5
(c) 6
(d) 7

Question.. Which of the following represents cyclohexane:   
(a) C₆H1₄
(b) C₆H₁₂
(c) C₆H₁₀
(d) C₆H₆

Question. Which of the following have a triple bond?   
(a) C₂H₄
(b) C₃H₄
(c) C₃H₈
(d) C₃H₉

Question. Oxygen molecule involves formation of
(a) Single covalent bond
(b) Double covalent bond
(c) Triple covalent bond
(d) Ionic bond

Question. Number of free electron(s) in each carbon atom in graphite is /are     
(a) Two
(b) Four
(c) One
(d) Three

Question. Two adjacent layers in graphite are bonded by comparatively   
(a) strong forces
(b) weak forces
(c) no forces
(d) few strong and few weak forces

Question. Which of the following is not a crystalline form of carbon?   
(a) Diamond
(b) Graphite
(c) Fullerene
(d) Coke

Question. The number of isomers of pentane is     
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5

Question. Which of the following represents the correct increasing order of unsaturation?     
(a) Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes
(b) Alkanes, alkynes, alkenes
(c) Alkenes, alkynes, alkanes
(d) Alkynes, alkanes, alkenes

Question. A double bond between two carbon atoms is formed by     
(a) transfer of two electrons from one carbon to the other
(b) transfer of one electron from one carbon to the other
(c) sharing of two electrons
(d) sharing of two pairs of electrons

Question. Which of the following is an isomeric pair?   
(a) Ethane and propane
(b) Ethane and ethene
(c) Propane and butane
(d) Butane and 2-methyl propane

Question. Organic compounds will always contain     
(a) carbon
(b) hydrogen
(c) nitrogen
(d) sulphur

Question. Which of the following belong to the same homologous series?     
(a) Ethane, ethene, ethyne
(b) Propanol, propanone, propanal
(c) Methanol, ethanol, propanol
(d) Ethane, ethanol, ethanoic acid

Question. The IUPAC name of CH₃CHO is   
(a) Acetaldehyde
(b) Methanal
(c) Ethanal
(d) Formaldehyde

Question. The second member of homologous series of alkenes is     
(a) Ethene
(b) Propene
(c) Butene
(d) Ethyne

Question. Compound CH₃CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂– C – Cl has the IUPAC name 
                                                      ||
                                                      O
(a) 3-Methylpentanoyl chloride
(b) 1-Chloroformyl-2-methyl butane
(c) 3-Methylchloridebutane
(d) 3-Methylchloropentanone

Question. You have four test tubes A, B, C and D filled with aqueous solution of same concentration but of different salts. In A solution of NaCl, B solution of CaCl₂, C solution of MgCl₂ and D solution of KCl is filled. If you add equal amounts of a soap solution to each test tube and shake the contents well, in which of the test tubes will scum (insoluble substance) be obtained ? 
(a) A and B
(b) B and C
(c) C and D
(d) A and D
Answer : (b) B and C.

Question. The name of the compound CH₃— CH₂— CHO is :
(a) Propanal
(b) Propanone
(c) Ethanol
(d) Ethanal
Answer : (a) Propanal

Question. While studying the saponification reaction, what do you observe when you mix an equal amount of colourless vegetable oil and 20% aqueous solution of NaOH in a beaker ?
(a) The colour of the mixture has become dark brown.
(b) A brisk effervescence is taking place in the beaker.
(c) The outer surface of the beaker has become hot.
(d) The outer surface of the beaker has become cold.
Answer : (c) The outer surface of the beaker has become hot. 

Question. You have neem oil in a beaker. In order to study saponification reaction, which of the following chemical substances would you add to this oil ?
(a) 20% Ca(OH)₂
(b) 20% NaOH
(c) 30% Mg(OH)₂
(d) 10% Ca(OH)₂

Question. You are asked to prepare hard water in your laboratory.
Select a group from the following groups of salts, any salt of which you may dissolve in distilled water to obtain hard water.
(a) NaCl; Na₂SO₄; KCl
(b) NaCl; CaCl₂; KCl
(c) CaCl2; CaSO4; MgSO4
(d) Na₂SO₄; CaSO₄; MgSO₄.

Question. Some students studied the physical properties of acetic acid and noted down their observations. Which of the following observations is correct ?
(a) Smells like rose and soluble in water.
(b) Smells like burning plastic and insoluble in water.
(c) Smells like vinegar and soluble in water.
(d) Smells like rotten egg and soluble in water.

Question. Select the correct statement about the properties of acetic acid. 
(a) It smells like vinegar and turns red litmus to blue.
(b) It is insoluble in water and turns blue litmus to red.
(c) It is soluble in water and turns red litmus to blue.
(d) It smells like vinegar and turns blue litmus to red.

Question. A student wants to prepare soap in the laboratory.
Which of the following sets of materials he should use ?
(a) Neem oil and NaCl
(b) Neem oil and Na₂CO₃
(c) Mustard oil and NaOH
(d) Mineral oil and NaOH

Question. The hetero-atoms present in
CH₃ — CH₂ — O — CH₂ —CH₂Cl is :
(i) Oxygen (ii) Carbon
(iii) Hydrogen (iv) Chlorine
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (iii) and (iv)
(d) (i) and (iv)

Question. The chemical mostly used in the preparation of most of the soaps we use is :
(a) Sodium chloride
(b) Potassium hydroxide
(c) Sodium hydroxide
(d) Potassium chloride

Question. The first member of alkyne homologous series is :
(a) Ethyne
(b) Ethene
(c) Propyne
(d) Methane

Question. Which of the following does not belong to the same homologous series ?
(a) CH₂
(b) C₂H₆
(c) C₃H₈
(d) C₄H₈

Question. A student is testing water to know which is best for cleansing purposes with soaps. He would find that the cleansing action of soaps is best when he uses water obtained from :
(a) rain
(b) tap
(c) hand pump
(d) pond

Question. The bond between two identical non-metallic atom has a pair of electron :
(a) unequally shared between two atoms.
(b) transferred completely from one atom to another.
(c) with identical spins.
(d) equally shared between them.

Question. The final product obtained when methane reacts with chlorine in presence of sunlight is   
(a) C₂Cl₆
(b) CCl₄
(c) CHCl₃
(d) CH₂Cl₂

Question. Which of the following hydrocarbons does not decolourise bromine water? 
(a) C₁₀H₂₂
(b) C₆H₁₂
(c) C₁₀H₁₈
(d) C₁₀H₂₀

Question. Saturated hydrocarbons on combustion gives     
(a) Sooty flame
(b) Non-sooty flame
(c) Oxygen
(d) Carbon monoxide

Question. An organic compound X with molecular formula C2H4O2 turns blue litmus red and gives brisk effervescence with sodium bicarbonate. Identify the compound. 
(a) Methanoic acid
(b) Ethanoic acid
(c) Propanoic acid
(d) Butanoic acid

Question. Saponification means     
(a) Acid hydrolysis
(b) Alkaline hydrolysis
(c) Esterification
(d) Dehydration

Question. The structural formula of ethyl ethanoate is     
               O
               ||
(a) CH₃ – C – OCH₃ 
              O
              ||
(b) CH₃– C – OCH₂CH₃
                     O
                     ||
(c) CH₃CH₂ – C – OCH₂CH₃
                     O
                     ||
(d) CH₃CH₂ – C – OCH₃ 

Fill in the blanks

(a) The organic compounds having double or triple bonds in them are termed as ……………… .

(b) Consecutive members of a homologous series differ by ……………….. group.

(c) ……………… is the general formula of alkene.

Assertion-reason Type Questions :

For question numbers 1 and 2 two statements are given-one labeled as Assertion (A) and the other labeled
Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:
(a) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true and ‘R’ is correct explanation of the assertion.
(b) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true but ‘R’ is not correct explanation of the assertion.
(c) ‘A’ is true but ‘R’ is false.
(d) ‘A’ is false but ‘R’ is true.

Question. Assertion: C₆H₁₂, C₂H₄, C₄H₈ are alkenes and have double bond.
Reason: C₃H₄ and C₅H₈ are alkynes and have triple bond.

Question. Assertion: Following are the members of a homologous series:
CH₃OH, CH₃CH₂OH,CH₃CH₂CH₂OH
Reason: A series of compounds with same functional group but differing by – CH₂– unit is called a homologous series.

For question numbers 1 and 2 two statements are given-one labeled as Assertion (A) and the other labeled
Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:
(a) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true and ‘R’ is correct explanation of the assertion.
(b) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true but ‘R’ is not correct explanation of the assertion.
(c) ‘A’ is true but ‘R’ is false.
(d) ‘A’ is false but ‘R’ is true.

Question. Assertion: Carbon forms covalent compound with chlorine of formula CCl₄. A
Reason: Carbon has 4 valence electrons, valency 4, chlorine has 7 valence electrons, valency 1.

Question. Assertion: Carbon forms very large number of compounds.
Reason: It is due to property of catenation and tetravalency

(a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
(c) If Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) If Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.

Question. Assertion : All alcohols have similar chemical properties.
Reason : All alcohols contains similar hydroxy (–OH) functional group.

Question. Assertion: Unsaturated hydrocarbon burns with sooty flame in excess supply of air.
Reason: Saturated hydrocarbon has more carbon content.

Question. Assertion : Following are the members of a homologous series :
CH₃OH, CH₃ CH₂OH, CH₃CH₂CH₂OH
Reason : A series of compounds with same functional group but differing by – CH₂ – unit is called a homologous series.

Question. Assertion : Hydrogenation converts an oil into a fat, called vegetable ghee.
Reason : Hydrogenation is carried out in presence of a catalyst, usually finely divided nickel.

Question. Assertion: Vegetable oil is converted into vegetable ghee by hydrogenation process in presence of nickel catalyst.
Reason: Unsaturated hydrocarbons add hydrogen to give saturated hydrocarbon in presence of a catalyst.

True / False :

Question. Carbon and its compounds are some of our major sources of fuels.

Question. Diamond is a good conductor of electricity.

Question. By hydrogenation, vegetable oils are converted into vanaspati ghee.

Question. Graphite is used in pencils.

Question. Invertase and amylase are two enzymes involved in fermentation of ethanol from sugar.

Question. Graphite is a good conductor of electricity.

Assertion and Reasoning Based Questions

Directions : In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as :
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true, but reason is false.
(d) If assertion is false but reason is true.

Question. Assertion : Detergents are better cleansing agent than soaps.
Reason : It is because they work with soft water.
Answer : (c) Detergents are better cleansing agents than soaps because they can work both in hard and soft water. 
They do not form insoluble precipitates with calcium and magnesium ions in hard water. Thus assertion is true, but reason is false.

Question. Assertion : Hard water contains magnesium and phosphate salts.
Reason : It is because they are easily available in water.
Answer : (d) Hard water forms foam with water because it contains sodium and potassium salts. Thus assertion is false but reason is true.

Question. Assertion : General formula of alkanes is CnH_2n+2.
Reason : It is because they are saturated compounds.
Answer : (b) Alkanes are saturated compounds because they are very unstable. Thus both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.

Question. Assertion : Ethane is the homologous of methane.
Reason : It is because it differs by CH₃ group.
Answer : (b) Ethane is the homologous of methane because it differs by —CH2 group. Thus both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.

Question. Assertion : Carbon and its compounds are used as fuels.
Reason : They give lot of heat and light when burnt in air.
Answer : (a) Carbon and its compounds are used as fuels for most applications because saturated hydrocarbons burn with a clean flame, give lot of heat and light and no smoke is produced. The carbon compounds, used as a fuel, have high calorific values. Thus both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Creating Based Questions

Question. (a) Covalent bonds formed as a result of sharing of electron pairs between two atoms are strong in nature. But the covalently bonded molecules have low melting and boiling points compared to the ionic molecules. What is the reason behind such behaviour ?
(b) Why are the unsaturated carbon compounds more reactive than saturated carbon compounds?
Answer : (a) Covalent bond is formed by equal sharing of valence electrons between two atoms, hence there is no charge separation along the bond formed and they have weak intermolecular forces. Due to this, covalently bonded molecules have low melting and boiling points.
(b) Unsaturated carbon compounds have double or triple bonds between carbon atoms, which are less stable than the sigma bonds and hence more reactive than saturated compounds which have single bond.

Question. Give a chemical test to distinguish between ethanol and ethanoic acid.
Answer : Ethanoic acid is a two-carbon containing compound with a carboxylic acid functional group. Addition of sodium hydrogen carbonate solution to the ethanoic acid leads to evolution of bubbles from the reaction mixture. The gas evolved is carbon dioxide. Whereas, addition of sodium hydrogen carbonate solution to ethanol does not give any bubbles.

Question. (a) A liquid compound X is made up of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen elements. It has 8 covalent bonds. It releases hydrogen gas upon reaction with alkali metal. What is the chemical compound ?
(b) Write formula of two homologous of the compound X.
Answer : (a) The given information fits with structure of ethanol, C₂H₅OH :

(b) The two homologs of C₂H₅OH would be C₃H₇OH and C₄H₉OH (Butanol).

Question. (a) What is the product formed when a hydrocarbon is oxidised completely in presence of oxygen ? 
What is the name of reaction ?
(b) Why do the burners of gas or kerosene stoves contain small holes ?
Answer : (a) A hydrocarbon is oxidised completely to give carbon dioxide and water along with heat and light. The reaction is known as combustion.
(b) The small holes present in burners of gas or kerosene stoves are actually small inlets for air to allow sufficient oxygen rich air mixture which ends up in giving clean blue flame.

Question. (a) Which property of ethanol enables its use in preparation of certain types of medicines ?
(b) A shiny soft metal is put in a test tube containing ethanol, a reaction takes place within the test tube with evolution of bubbles. The gas is collected and exposed to a burning candle. The gas burns with a pop sound.
(i) Name the shiny soft metal.
(ii) Name the gas evolved as a result of chemical reaction.
(iii) Write the equation for chemical reaction.
Answer :(a) Ethanol is a very efficient solvent hence, it is used as a base for many medicines which are prepared in suspension or solution form.
(b) (i) The shiny soft metal is sodium.
(ii) Hydrogen gas is evolved as a result of the reaction between sodium metal and ethyl alcohol. The presence of hydrogen gas can be tested by bringing a burning candle near a gas filled bubble, hydrogen gas burns with a pop sound.
(iii) The reaction equation can be given as :
2Na(s) + 2C₂H₅OH(l) → 2C₂H₅ONa + H₂(g)

Paragraph/Table and Case Study Based Questions
1. Carbon is so versatile in nature that organic chemistry forms a separate branch of chemistry which deals mainly with carbon and its compounds. Carbon is an element with symbol “C”, atomic number 6 and electronic configuration -2,4. As suggested by its configuration, it belongs to second period and fourteen group. Its valence electrons are 4. Its valency is also 4. The property of carbon element due to which its atoms can join one another to form long carbon chains is called catenation. Carbon has a valency of four. So, it is capable of bonding with four other atoms of carbon or atoms of some other monovalent element. Compounds of carbon are formed with oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, sulfur, chlorine and many other elements, giving rise to compounds with specific properties which depend on the elements other than the carbon present in the molecule.

(a) Name the term used to define property of carbon to form bond with another carbon atom.
(b) Name the group and period to which carbon belong.
(c) Name the term used for four valency of carbon.
(d) Which of these statements is incorrect?
(i) Valence electrons of carbon are 4.
(ii) Carbon has a valency of four.
(iii) Organic chemistry forms a separate branch of chemistry which deals mainly with carbon and its compounds.
(iv) Electronic configuration of carbon is 2,6.
Answer : (a) Catenation is the term used to define property of carbon to form bond with another carbon atom.
(b) Carbon belongs to second period and fourteenth group of periodic table.
(c) The term used for four valency of carbon is tetravalency.
(d) (iv) Total electrons present in carbon are 6. Out of these 6 electrons, 2 are present in first shell and other four in next shell. This gives electronic configuration of carbon to be 2,4. Hence, the incorrect option is (iv).

2.

(a) Name the functional group present in acetone.
(b) What is the general formula of alcohols ?
(c) Name the functional group present in ethane.
(d) Give one example of carboxylic acid.
Answer : (a) Acetone contains ketonic functional group.
(b) The general formula of alcohols is ROH.
(c) Ethane is a hydrocarbon. It does not contain any other atom or group other than carbon and hydrogen.
(d) Propionic acid is an example of carboxylic acid.

3. Read the following paragraph and answer any four questions from 3(i) to 3(v):
The nature of the covalent bond enables carbon to form a large number of compounds. Carbon has the unique ability to form bonds with other atoms of carbon, giving rise to large molecules. Since carbon has a valency of four, it is capable of bonding with four other atoms of carbon or atoms of some other monovalent element.

(i) Mark the correct option from the following names marked in A, B and C.

(a) A- Graphite, B-Diamond, C- Fullerene
(b) A- Diamond, B-Graphite, C- Fullerene
(c) A- Fullerene, B-Diamond, C- Graphite
(d) A- Graphite, B-Fullerene, C- Diamond

(ii) The following represent the relation of boiling of alkanes with respect to number of carbon atoms.
Which of the following is the correct order for the boiling points of given alkanes?

(a) CH₄<CH₃CH₃<CH₃CH₂CH₃<CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃
(b) CH₄>CH₃CH₃>CH₃CH₂CH₃>CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃
(c) CH₄>CH₃CH₃<CH₃CH₂CH₃>CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃
(d) CH₄<CH₃CH₃>CH₃CH₂CH₃>CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃

(iii) Which of the followings is the major constituent of the liquefied petroleum gas?
(a) Methane
(b) Ethane
(c) Propane
(d) Butane

(iv) A student while observing the properties of acetic acid would report that this smells like:
(a) vinegar and turns red litmus blue
(b) rotten egg and turns red litmus blue
(c) vinegar and turns blue litmus red
(d) rotten egg and turns blue litmus red

(v) Carbon forms four covalent bonds by sharing its four valence electrons with four univalent atoms, e.g., hydrogen. After the formation of four bonds, carbon attains the electronic configuration of:
(a) Helium
(b) Neon
(c) Argon
(d) Krypton