MCQs For NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Heredity And Evolution

MCQs Class 10

Please refer to the MCQ Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Heredity And Evolution with Answers. The following Heredity And Evolution Class 10 Science MCQ Questions have been designed based on the current academic year syllabus and examination guidelines for Class 10. Our faculty has designed MCQ Questions for Class 10 Science with Answers for all chapters as per your NCERT Class 10 Science book.

Heredity And Evolution Class 10 MCQ Questions with Answers

Please see below Heredity And Evolution Class 10 Science MCQ Questions, solve the questions and compare your answers with the solutions provided below.

Question. A zygote which has an X-chromosome inherited from the father will develop into a:
(a) boy
(b) girl
(c) X-Chromosome does not determine the sex of achild
(d) either boy or girl

Answer

B

Question. The surprise products formed in experiment conducted by Miller and Urey were:-
(a) Peptides
(b) Amino acids
(c) Nucleotides
(d) Nucleic acids

Answer

B

Question. Mendel conducted his famous breeding experiments by working on:-
(a) Drosophila
(b) Escherichiacoli
(c) Pisum Sativum
(d) All of these

Answer

C

Question. Which section of DNA provides information for one protein?
(a) Nucleus
(b) Chromosome
(c)Trait
(d) Gene

Answer

D

Question. The two versions of a trait (character) which are brought in by the male and female gametes are situated on :-
(a) Copies of same (homologous) chromosomes
(b) Two different chromosomes
(c) Sexchromosomes
(d) Any Chromosomes

Answer

A

Question. Exchange of genetic material takes place in:-
(a) Vegetativereproduction
(b) Asexualreproduction
(c) Sexual reproduction
(d) Budding

Answer

C

Question. Which of the following is an example of genetic variation?
(a) One person has a scar but his friend doesn’t
(b) One person is older than the other
(c) Reeta eats meat but her sister Geeta is a vegetarian.
(d) Two children have different eye color

Answer

D

Question. Two pea plants one with round green seeds (RR yy) and another with wrinkled yellow (rr YY) seeds produce F1 progeny that have round yellow (RrYy) seeds. When F1 plants are self pollinated, the F2 progeny will have a new combination of characters. Choose the new combinations from the following:
(i) Round, yellow
(ii) Round, green
(iii) Wrinkled, Yellow
(iv) Wrinkled, green
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (i) and (iv)
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (i) and (iii)

Answer

B

Question.Miller and Urey performed an experiment to prove the origin of life from organic compounds.
The gases they took were:-
(a) methane, ethane, ammonia, water vapour
(b) methane, ethane ,hydrogen, ammonia
(c) ammonia, water vapour, butane, hydrogen
(d) methane, ammonia, hydrogen, water vapour

Answer

B

Question. Which of these is a pair of an analogous organ?
(a) wings of a pigeon and a bat
(b) forelimbs of a frog and a bird
(c) forelimbs of a rabbit and a lizard
(d) leaves of a pitcher plant and a Venus fly trap

Answer

A

Question. Two pink coloured flowers on crossing resulted in 1 red, 2 pink and 1 white flower progeny.
The nature of cross will be:-
(a) Double Fertilization
(b) Self Pollination
(c) Cross Fertilization
(d) Nofertilization

Answer

C

Question. From the list given below select the character which can be acquired but not inherited:
(a) colour of eyes
(b) colour of skin
(c) texture of hair
(d) size of body

Answer

D

Question. In humans if gene B gives brown eyes and gene b gives blue eyes,what will be the colour of eyes of the person having combination (i) Bb (ii) BB:
(a) (i) Brown (ii) Brown
(b) (i) Blue (ii) Blue
(c) (i) Blue (ii) Brown
(d) (i) Brown (ii) Blue

Answer

A

Question. What is the probability that the male progeny will be a boy?
(a) 50 %
(b)56 %
(c) 47.43 %
(d) It varies

Answer

A

Question. Darwin’s theory does not include:
(a) Natural Selection
(b) Survival of the fittest
(c) Evolution Through Inheritance
(d) Struggle for existence of life

Answer

C

Question. In peas, a pure tall (TT) is crossed with a pure short plant(tt). The ratio of pure tall plants to pure short plants in F2 generation is:
(a) 1:3
(b) 3:1
(c) 1:1
(d) 2:1

Answer

C

Question. A Mendelian experiment consisted of breeding tall pea plants bearing violet flowers with short pea plants bearing white flowers. The progeny all bore violet flowers but almost half of them were short. This suggests that the genetic make-up of the tall parent can be depicted as :
(a) TTWW
(b) TTww
(c) TtWW
(d) TtWw

Answer

C

Question. The following vegetables are kept in a basket :
Potato, Tomato, Radish, Brinjal, Carrot, Bottle-gourd Which two of these vegetables correctly represent the homologous structures ?
(a) Carrot and Tomato
(b) Potato and Brinjal
(c) Radish and Carrot
(d) Radish and Bottle-gourd

Answer

C

Question. From the list given below select the character which can be acquired but not inherited :
(a) Colour of eye
(b) Colour of skin
(c) Size of body
(d) Nature of hair

Answer

C

Question. Four students A, B, C and D listed the following sets of organs of different organisms as homologous organs. Who was correct ?
A. wings of a bat and wings of a butterfly
B. wings of a pigeon and wings of a bat
C. wings of a pigeon and wings of a butterfly
D. forelimbs of a cow, a duck and a lizard

(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D

Answer

D

Question. The two versions of a trait which are brought in by the male and female gametes are situated on :
(a) Copies of the same chromosome
(b) Two different chromosomes
(c) Sex chromosomes
(d) Any chromosomes

Answer

A

Question. Two pink coloured flowers on crossing resulted in 1 red, 2 pink and 1 white flower progeny. The nature of the cross will be :
(a) Double fertilisation
(b) Self pollination
(c) Cross fertilisation
(d) No fertilisation

Answer

C

Question. Select the set of homologous organs from the following :
(a) Wings of pigeon and a butterfly
(b) Wings of bat and a pigeon
(c) Forelimbs of cow, a duck and a lizard
(d) Wings of butterfly and a bat

Answer

C

Question. A cross between a tall plant (TT) and short pea plant (tt) resulted in progeny that were all tall plants because :
(a) Tallness is the dominant trait
(b) Shortness is the dominant trait
(c) Tallness is the recessive trait
(d) Height of pea plant is not governed by gene ‘T’ or ‘t’

Answer

A

Question. Humans have two different sex chromosomes, X and Y. Based on the Mendel’s laws, a male offspring will inherit which combination of chromosomes?
(a) both the X chromosomes from one of its parents
(b) both the Y chromosomes from one of its parents
(c) combination of X chromosomes from either of its parents
(d) combination of X and Y chromosome from either of its parents

Answer

D

Question. In pea plants,yellow seeds are dominant to green seeds. If a heterozygous yellow seeded plant is crossed with a green seeded plant, what ratio of yellow and green seeded plants would you expect in F1 generation?
(a) 9:1
(b) 3:1
(c) 1:3
(d) 50:50

Answer

D

Question. Which of the following statements is not true with respect to variation?
(a) All variations in a species have equal chances of survival.
(b) Change in genetic composition results in invariation.
(c) Selection of variants by environmental factors forms the basis of evolutionary processes.
(d) Variation is minimum in in asexual reproduction

Answer

A

Question. Two pea plants one with round green seeds (RRyy) and another with wrinkled yellow (rrYY) seeds produce F1 progeny having round, yellow (RrYy) seeds. When F1 plants are selfed, the F2 progeny will have the following combination of characters
(a) 15:1
(b) 9:3:3:1
(c) 9:3:4
(d) 12:3:1 

Answer

B

Question. A basket of vegetable contains carrot, potato, radish, and tomato. Which of them represent the correct homologous structure
(a) Carrot and potato
(b) Carrot and tomato
(c) Radish and carrot
(d) Radish and potato 

Answer

C

Question. Two pea plants one with round green seeds (RRyy) and another with wrinkled yellow (rrYY) seeds produce F1 progeny that have round, yellow (RrYy) seeds. When F1 plants are selfed, the F2 progeny will have new combination of characters. Choose the new combination from the following.
(i) Round, yellow (ii) Round, green
(iii) Wrinkled, yellow (iv) Wrinkled, green

(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (i) and (iv)
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (i) and (iii)

Answer

B

Question. Select the statements that describe characteristics of genes
(i) genes are specific sequence of bases in a DNA molecule
(ii) a gene does not code for proteins
(iii) in individuals of a given species, a specific gene is located on a particular chromosome
(iv) each chromosome has only one gene

(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (i) and (iii)
(c) (i) and (iv)
(d) (ii) and (iv)

Answer

B

Question. Sugarcane field has little variation because of
(a) sexual reproduction
(b) asexual reproduction
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these

Answer

B

Question. A Mendelian experiment consisted of breeding tall pea plants bearing violet flowers with short pea plants bearing white flowers. In the progeny, all bore violet flowers, but almost half of them were short.
This suggests that the genetic makeup of tall plant can be depicted as
(a) TTWW
(b) TTww
(c) TtWW
(d) TtWw 

Answer

C

Question. Exchange of genetic material takes place in
(a) vegetative reproduction
(b) asexual reproduction
(c) sexual reproduction
(d) budding

Answer

C

Question. When two parents are crossed, the offsprings are referred to
(a) F1 generation
(b) F2 generation
(c) Either F1 or F2
(d) None of these

Answer

A

Question. A cross between two individuals result are in ratio of 9:3:3:1. The cross is
(a) Monohybrid cross
(b) Dihybrid cross
(c) Cross-pollination
(d) Self pollination

Answer

B

Question. Some dinosaurs had feathers although they could not fly but birds have feathers that help them to fly. In the context of evolution this means that-
(a) Reptiles have evolved from birds
(b) There is no evolutionary connection between reptiles and birds
(c) Feathers are homologous structure in both the organisms
(d) Birds have evolved from reptiles.

Answer

D

Question. Two colouredflowers on crossing results in 3 red and 1white flower progeny. The nature of the cross is-
(a) Cross pollination
(b) Self-pollination
(c) Double fertilization
(d) No fertilization 

Answer

A

Question. The genetic constitution of an organism is called.
(a) Genotype
(b) Phenotype
(c) Variation
(d) Gene. 

Answer

A

Fill in the blanks

(a) The theory of natural selection for evolution was proposed by …………………………. .

Answer

Darwin

(b) The human forelilb and bat’s forelimb are an example of …………………………. organs whereas an insect’s wing and a bat’s are an example of …………………………. organs.

Answer

homologous, analogous

(c) The scientific name of all human an beings is …………………………

Answer

Homo sapiens

Assertion-Reason Type Questions :

For question numbers 1 to 4 two statements are given-one labeled as Assertion (A) and the other labeled
Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given ahead:
(a) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true and ‘R’ is correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true but ‘R’ is not correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) ‘A’ is true but ‘R’ is false.
(d) ‘A’ is false but ‘R’ is true.

Question. Assertion: The sex of a child in human beings will be determined by the type of chromosome he/she inherits from the father.
Reason: A child who inherits ‘X’ chromosome from his father would be a girl (XX), while a child who inherits a ‘Y’ chromosome from the father would be a boy (XY). 

Answer

A

Question. Assertion: Dominant traits express itself with or without the presence of recessive trait.
Reason: Recessive trait can express itself only in absence of dominant trait.

Answer

B

Question. Assertion: Two pink coloured flowers on crossing resulted in 1 red, 2 pink and 1 white flower progeny.
Reason: It is due to double fertilisation.

Answer

C

Question. Assertion: A geneticist crossed a pea plant having violet flowers with a pea plant with white flowers, he got all violet flowers in first generation.
Reason: White colour gene is not passed on to next generation.

Answer

A

Question. Assertion: If one bacterium divides then two resultant bacteria divide again to generate four individual bacteria which will be highly identical.
Reason: It is due to asexual reproduction.

Answer

A

Question. ASSERTION (A): Evolution is extremely slow process.
REASON(R): New characters are accumulated in an organisms during its life time.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation for A
(b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation for A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true 

Answer

C

Question. ASSERTION (A): Geographical isolation cannot be major factor in speciation of asexually reproducing organism.
REASON(R): Asexually reproducing organisms do not require any other organism for reproduction.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation for A
(b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation for A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true

Answer

A

Assertion and Reasoning Based Questions

Directions : In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as :
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true, but reason is false.
(d) If assertion is false but reason is true.

Question. Assertion : Presence of feathers in dinosaurs and birds indicates that they are evolutionary related.
Reason : Analogous organs are used as an evidence to determine how close two species are related.
Answer : (a) Analogous organs are one such evidence that is used to determine how close two species are related. The presence of feathers in dinosaurs and birds indicates that they are evolutionary related.
Dinosaurs had feathers not for flying, but instead these feathers provided insulation to these warmblooded animals. However, the feathers in birds are used for flight. This proves that reptiles and birds are closely related and that the evolution of wings started in reptiles. Thus both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Question. Assertion : Mutations are discontinuous variations.
Reason : Mutations affect the single genes.
Answer : (d) Mutation is the natural and permanent change,
causing changes in the DNA sequence in any living organisms. These changes the genetic make-up of an individual which cannot be accounted for by
the normal processes. Mutations are confined to a single gene and are known as gene mutations.
Thus, assertion is false but reason is true.

Question. Assertion : If the weight of the beetle is reduced because of starvation, that will not change the DNA of the germ cells.
Reason : Acquired traits are not inherited.
Answer : (a) Acquired traits are not inherited because they do not cause any change in the DNA of the organism.
Therefore, low weight is not a trait that can be inherited by the progeny of a staving beetles. Therefore, even if some generations of beetles are
low in weight because of starvation, that is not an example of evolution, since the change is not inherited over generations. Thus both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Question. Assertion : Geographical isolation is a major factor in the speciation of a self-pollinating plant species.
Reason : Geographical isolation does not allows gene flow between populations of a species.
Answer : (d) The plants are self-pollinating, which means that the pollens are transferred from the anther of one flower to the stigma of the same flower or of another flower of the same plant, so geographical isolation cannot prevent speciation in this case. Geographical isolation prevents gene flow between populations of a species. Thus assertion is false but reason is true.

Question. Assertion : Mendel was successful in his hybridization experiments.
Reason : Garden pea proved as an ideal experimental material.
Answer : (a) The pea plant which Mendel choose for conducting experiments, is most ideal for controlled breeding, since it can easily be subjected to cross pollination. He identified very clear contrasting characters in the pea plants. Thus both assertion and reason are
true and reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Creating Based Questions

Question. “A brother and sister are more related to each other in comparison to the case when any one of them is related with his or her cousin”. Through this statement what will we get to know about their ancestors ?
Answer : A brother and sister are more closely related to each other which mean that they have common ancestors more recently as compared to the case when any one of them (brother or sister) is related to the cousin. A brother and sister have their “parents” in common while a brother or sister and cousin have “grandparents” in common.

Question. Seema had a huge scar on her cheek after she met with an accident. She is worried if her baby would inherit the scar she had acquired. Give your opinion about Seema’s view.
Answer : Change in non-reproductive tissues cannot be passed on to the DNA of the germ cells, these are acquired traits. Therefore, the experiences of an individual during its lifetime cannot be passed on to its progeny, and cannot direct evolution.

Question. Why a mice whose tail has been removed by surgery does not produce tailless mice ?
Answer : A mice whose tail has been removed by surgery does not produce tailless mice because tailless character is not present in germ cells of mice so, it is an acquired character which cannot be passed onto the next generation.

Question. Ram met with an accident. John his school mate takes him to the hospital where Ram (AB blood group)
needs blood transfusion. John also has AB blood group and is willing to donate his blood but Ram’s mother object by saying “John belongs to different community so has different type of blood”. Give your opinion about Ram’s mother views.
Answer : Blood group AB has two alleles A and B in the people of all communities.

True / False :

Question. Sex of the child is determined by the type of ovum provided by the mother.

Answer

False

Question. A recessive trait can also be common as blood group O.

Answer

True

Question. Reduction in weight of an organism due to nutrition is genetically controlled.

Answer

False

Question. Attached ear lobe is recessive trait.

Answer

True

Question. Variations arising during the process of reproduction cannot be inherited.

Answer

False

Match the Following :

Question. Match the physical evidence of evolution with the best description of that particular type of evidence.

Column IColumn II
(A) Fossils(p) Comparing similarities and differences between amino acid sequences in two organisms.
(B) Embryology(q) Comparing and contrasting cell structures found within an organism.
(C) Cytology(r) The remains of dead organisms that are studied.
(D) DNA evidence(s) Comparisons of the early development stages of an organism.
Answer

(A) → (r), (B) → (s), (C) → (q), (D) → (p)

Question.

Column AColumn B
(A) Genetic changes(p) Homologous organ
(B) Independent assortment(q) Fossil
(C) Natural selection(r) Analogous organ
(D) Dihybrid ratio(s) XY
(E) Male human beings(t) 9 : 3 : 3 : 1
(F) Wing of a bat and a wing of a bird(u) Darwin
(G) Remnant of ancient animals(v) Mendel
(H) Arm of a man and wing of a bird(w) DNA copying
Answer

(A) → (w), (B) → (v), (C) → (u), (D) → (t), (E) → (s), (F) → (r), (G) → (q), (H) → (p)

Question. Match the genetic cross of the parents on the left with the genotypes of the offspring most likely to be produced from that cross on the right.

Column IColumn II
(A) BB × bb(p) 100% BB
(B) Bb × Bb(q) 100% bb
(C) BB × BB(r) 25% BB, 50%Bb, 25%bb
(D) bb × bb(s) 100% Bb
Answer

(A) → (s), (B) → (r), (C) → (p), (D) → (q)

Paragraph/Table and Case Study Based Questions

1. Read the following and answer any four questions from 1(i) to 1(v):
Gregor Johann Mendel is known as a “Father of modern genetics” for his work in the field of genetics. He gave three laws of inheritance followed as Law of dominance, Law of segregation and Law of independent assortment. He conducted his experiment on garden pea plants having contrasting characteristics. He performed self-pollination and cross-pollination to understand the inheritance patterns of traits.

Question. Which of the following characteristics of pea plants was not used by Mendel in his experiments?
(a) Seed colour
(b) Seed shape
(c) Pod length
(d) Flower position

Answer

C

Question. After cross-fertilisation of true-breeding tall and dwarf plants, the F1 generation was self-fertilised. 
The resultant plants have genotype in the ratio:

(a) 1:2:1 (homozygous tall: heterozygous tall: dwarf)
(b) 1:2:1 (heterozygous tall: homozygous tall: dwarf)
(c) 3:1 (tall: dwarf)
(d) 3:1 (dwarf: tall)

Answer

A

Question. The maleness of a child is determined by:
(a) The X-chromosome in the zygote
(b) The Y-chromosome in zygote
(c) The cytoplasm of germ cell which determines the sex
(d) Sex is determined by chance

Answer

B

Question. Mendel took …………… contrasting characteristics of pea plants.
(a) eight
(b) seven
(c) six
(d) five

Answer

B

Question. Test cross determines:
(a) whether two traits are linked or not
(b) the genotype of F2 plant
(c) whether the two species will breed successfully or not
(d) number of alleles in a gene

Answer

B

2. Read the following and answer any four questions from 2(i) to 2(v):
Various biological studies have told us that since their origin, living organisms have undergone changes in their organisation to evolve into new forms. Excavating, time dating, etc have revealed a lot of information about human evolution. Scientists today know that all humans, irrespective of their
colour, are a single species. Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. These characteristics are the expressions of genes that are passed on from parent to offspring during reproduction.
Different characteristics tend to exist within any given population as a result of mutation, genetic recombination and other sources of genetic variation.

Question. Who proposed the theory of evolution?
(a) Charles Darwin
(b) Stanely Miller
(c) Harold Urey
(d) Aristotle

Answer

A

Question. ______ is the observable set of characteristics of an organism
(a) Phenotype
(b) Genes
(c) DNA
(d) All of the above

Answer

A

Question. The organs present in two organisms indicate that they are derived from the same ancestor are:
(a) Analogous Organs
(b) Respiratory Organs
(c) Sense organs
(d) Homologous Organs

Answer

D

Question. Homologous organs are organs that have:
(a) Different function with a different structure
(b) Same function with the same structure
(c) Same function but with a different structure
(d) Different function but the same structure

Answer

D

Question. Which of the following pair of organ is not homologous?
(a) Forelimbs in humans and lizard
(b) Forelimbs in lizard and frog
(c) Wings in butterfly and bat
(d) None of these

Answer

C

Question. Study the table given below and answer the questions.

(a) State the law of dominance.
(b) What is the dominant allele ?
(c) Define the terms phenotype.
(d) What is the meaning of genotype ?
Answer : (a) According to the law of dominance, the parent contains two alleles, out of which one is the dominant allele while the other is the recessive allele.
(b) The allele that expresses itself and reduces the expression of other alleles is termed as the dominant allele.
(c) The set of the morphological characteristics of an organism that are resulted from the interactions of the genes is known as the phenotype of the individual. For example, in pea plants, tallness is a phenotypic trait.
(d) The set of the alleles in DNA that carries the information for the expression of a trait in an individual is known as its genotype. For example, genotype ‘TT’ expresses the tallness in plants.

Question. The rules for inheritance of traits in human beings are related to the fact that both the father and the mother contribute practically equal amounts of genetic material to the child. This means that each trait can be influenced by both paternal and maternal DNA.

(a) What is inheritance ?
(b) Who was the person who gave the three laws of inheritance ?
(c) What is the meaning of paternal and maternal DNA ?
(d) What is the phenotypic ratio of the dihybrid cross ?
Answer :
 (a) Traits of organisms can pass from the parents to their offspring, and this mechanism is known as an inheritance.
(b) Gregor Johann Mendel discovered three laws that describe the inheritance of factors from parents to offsprings.
(c) The parental DNA is defined as the DNA that is received from the father while the DNA that is received by the mother is called the maternal DNA.
(d) Gregor Mendel discovered that the dihybrid cross yields a phenotypic ratio of 9:3:3:1

Heredity And Evolution Class 10 Science MCQ Questions