Political Parties Class 10 Social Science Exam Questions

Case Based Questions

1 Read the cases/sources and answer the following questions.

Source A Dissatisfaction with Political Parties Political parties need to face and overcome these challenges in order to remain effective instruments of democracy. The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties. All over the world there is a tendency in political parties towards the concentration of power in one or few leaders at the top. Parties do not keep membership registers, do not hold organisational meetings and do not conduct internal elections regularly. Ordinary members of the party do not get sufficient information on what happens inside the party.

(i) Evaluate the reasons for lack of internal democracy within political parties.
Answer : The reason for lack of internal democracy within political parties arises due to the concentration of power in one or few leaders in the party. As a result these leaders take all the important decisions regarding the party’s activity. Personal loyalty to these leaders becomes necessary for all the party workers. Source B Dynastic Succession Money and Muscle Power The second challenge of dynastic succession is related to the first one. Since most political parties do not practice open and transparent procedures for their functioning, there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party. Those who happen to be the leaders are in a position of unfair advantage to favour people close to them or even their family members. In many parties, the top positions are always controlled by members of one family.

(ii) To what extent dynastic succession control democracy?
Answer : Dynastic succession controls democracy in the following ways ! Sometimes top positions in a political party is controlled by a family members of a particular family. Even the people who doesn’t have adequate experience and popular support becomes the leader. ! Most political parties do not practice open and transparent procedures for their functioning, etc. This is not good for democracy and hampers the basic idea that citizens should be able to participate in decision making. Source C Minimal Choice for Voters The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters. In order to offer meaningful choice, parties must be significantly different. In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties in most parts of the world. For example, the difference between the Labour Party and the Conservative Party in Britain is very little. They agree on more fundamental aspects but differ only in details on how policies are to be framed and implemented.

(iii) To what extent political parties are different in our country?
Answer : In our country the difference among all major parties has reduced remarkably. In economic field the different parties have little choice to differ. People even can not find better candidate to vote for, as leaders keep shifting from one party to another. 2. Read the case/source given and answer the following questions. Muhammad Yunus is a famous economist of Bangladesh. He received several International honours for his efforts to promote economic and social development for the benefit of the poor. He and the Grameen Bank started, jointly received the Nobel Peace Prize for the year 2006. In February 2007, he decided to launch a political party and contest in the parliamentary elections. His objective was to foster proper leadership, good governance and build a new Bangladesh. He felt that only a political party different from the traditional ones would bring about new political culture. His party would be democratic from the grassroots level. The launching of the New party, called Nagarik Shakti (Citizens’ Power), has caused a stir among the Bangladeshis. While many welcomed his decision, some did not like it. ‘‘Now I think Bangladesh will have a chance to choose between good and bad and eventually have a good government,’’ said Shahedul Islam, a government official. ‘‘That government, we hope, would not only keep itself away from corruption but also make fighting corruption and black money a top priority.’’ But leaders of traditional political parties who dominated the country’s politics for decades were apprehensive. ‘‘There was no debate (over him) winning the Nobel, but politics is different—very challenging and often controversial,’’ said a senior leader of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party. Some others were highly critical. They asked why he was rushing into politics. ‘‘Is he being planted in politics by mentors from outside the country,’’ asked one political observer.
(i) Do you agree with the statements and fears expressed by various people?
(ii) How do you want this new party organised to make it different from other parties?
(iii) If you were the one to begin this political party, how would you defend it?
Answer : (i) I agree with the statement of a government official, Shahedul Islam that the launch of the new party may change the political culture of the country. But I do not agree with the view points of a senior leader of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party. He expressed his fear about the capability of Muhammad Yunus in the field of politics.
(ii) I think, people like Muhammad Yunus when established a political party, it should be democratic from very grassroots level. This party should fight against corruption and the problem of black money in the country which dominated the country, as H. Yunus is a respected personality with a great vision.
(iii) If I were one of them to begin this political party, I would try to develop direct interaction with the people living in the countryside and in towns. Regular meetings of the party members, seminars, workshops, etc would have been adopted to win the confidence of the people. I would bring about a totally new political culture, more democratic and more transparent.

Read the given case/source and answer the questions that follow by choosing the correct option.

We can understand the necessity of political parties by imagining a situation without parties. Every candidate in the elections will be independent. So no one will be able to make any promises to the people about any major policy changes. The government may be formed, but its utility will remain ever uncertain. Elected representatives will be accountable to their locality. But no one will be responsible for how the country will be run. We can also think about it by looking at the non-party based elections to the Panchayat in many states. Although, the parties do not contest formally, it is generally noticed that the village gets split into more than one faction, each of which puts up a panel of its candidates. Thus it exactly what the party does. That is the reason we find political parties in almost all countries of the world whether these countries are big or small, old or new, developed or developing. The rise of political parties is directly linked to the emergence of representative democracies. As we have seen, large societies need representatives democracy. As societies became large and complex, they also need some agency to gather different views on various issues and to present these to the government.

Question. Why is the existence of Political Party necessary for a democracy?
Choose the correct options from the following.
(a) Political Parties helps to develop public opinion.
(b) No independent candidate can make any promise to the people.
(c) Independent elected representatives are only responsible for their own constituency.
(d) Political Parties helps to inculcate insecurity among the people.
Answer : (a) Political Parties are necessary as they, helps to develop public opinion.

Question. ‘Political Faction’ means a group of individuals within a political party that share a …………….. . Identify.
(a) Balanced view
(b) Common political purpose
(c) Regional and communal diversities
(d) Ideal political structure
Answer : (b) A political faction is a group of individuals that share a common political purpose but differs in some respect to the rest of the entity. Factions are not limited only to political parties as they can be formed within in a group with a political aim or purpose.

Question. Consider the following statements about political parties and choose the correct option.
I. Political Parties are a necessary condition for a democracy.
II. Political Parties help the government to make policies. III. Political Parties justify or oppose the representative governments. Options
(a) Only I
(b) Both I and II
(c) Both II and III
(d) All of these
Answer : (d) All the given statements are correct.

Question. Which of the following describes representative democracy? Identify the best suitable option depicting the same from the following.
(a) It is not a common form of democracy in the modern age.
(b) It involves direct participation.
(c) It involves indirect participation through elected representatives.
(d) It was the most prevalent form of democracy in the Colonial era.
Answer : (c) Representative democracy involves indirect participation through elected representatives. It is also known as indirect democracy. It is a type of democracy founded on the principle of elected persons representing a group of people.

Question. Why does large society need representative democracies? With reference to the above context, infer the appropriate option.
(a) To form a responsible government.
(b) To form an ideal form of government.
(c) To gather public opinions.
(d) To resolve issues of minority communities.
Answer : (a) Large society need representative democracies to form a responsible government.

Question. Why can’t modern democracies exist without political parties? Identify the reason from the given options.
(a) As the utility of government will remain uncertain in nature.
(b) Loss of Accountability towards people.
(c) State responsibility will lead to national integration.
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Answer : (d) Modern democracies cannot be exist without political parties as the utility of government will remain uncertain in nature and there will be loss of accountability towards people.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question. Why India choose to have a multi-party system ?
Answer : Since, India is a socially and regionally diverse country, for giving expression to diverse opinions and views it has a multi-party system.

Question. Correct the following statement and rewrite :
All India Trinomool congress (AITC) was launched on 1 January, 1998 under the leadership of Kanshi Ram.
Answer : All India Trinamool congress (AITC) was launched on 1 January, 1998 under the leadership of Mamta Bannerje.

Question. Discuss the role of opposition parties in democracy.
Answer : Opposition parties criticise the government for its faulty policies and failures in this way it plays the role of a watchdog for keeping the ruling parties on track.

Question. Suggest any one way to promote the public participation in the Political Parties for enhancing the quality of democracy.
Answer : A law should be made to regulate the internal affairs of political parties. It should be made compulsory for political parties to maintain a register of it members, to follow its own constitution,to have an independent authority, to act as a judge in case of party disputes, to hold open elections to the highest posts.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question. Expain the three components of ‘political party’.
Answer : A political party is a group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government. The three components of political party are (i) The Leaders Every political party has some prominent leaders who formulate policies and programmes of the party and choose candidates for contesting elections. (ii) The Active Members They are involved in different committees of the party and participate directly in their activity. (iii) The Followers They believe in the party’s ideology and support the party by casting their votes in favour of the party at the time of the elections.

Question. What is the role of the opposition party in a democracy?
Answer : The opposition party plays a very important role in a democracy as ! It acts as pressure group. ! It mobilises the government. ! It keeps a check on the working of the ruling party. ! It puts different views in the Parliament and criticise the government for its failures or wrong policies. ! It watches over the ruling party to prevent the government from being authoritarian and restrict its powers. ! It also have the right to audit the government’s spending. ! The opposition parties outside the legislature draw media’s attention and publish their criticism of government policy in the newspapers.

Question. Give any two merits and demerits of one-party system.
Answer : Merits of one-party system are
(i) Strong and Stable Government Since there is no opposition party, government is strong and cannot be removed or voted out of power.
(ii) Less Expensive Since there is only one party and one candidate of the party, not much money is spent on the election. Demerits of one-party system are
(i) Undemocratic Government can become dictatorial. (ii) No Choice It gives no choice to the voters.

Question. State any two advantages of the multi-party system. In what way is an alliance different from a coalition government?
Answer : The advantages of multi-party system are
(i) This system allows a variety of interests and opinions to enjoy political representation.
(ii) Under this system, the choice of the voter is not limited to two candidates only. It gives a voter enough scope to make intelligent choice. In the following ways, alliance is different from coalition Alliance Coalition Government When several parties join hands for the purpose of contesting elections, it is called an alliance or a front, e.g. the National Democratic Alliance. When no single party gets a majority in the election and the government is formed by two or more parties coming together, it is referred to as a coalition government.

Question. Why has India adopted a Multi-party system? Explain.
Answer : India adopted a Multi-party system because ! As India is a vast and diverse country, the multi-party system was needed to accommodate the vast population. ! The social and geographical diversity of India could not be represented by two or three parties. ! The multi-party system in India evolved over a long time, depending on the nature of society, its social, regional division, its history of politics and its system of elections. ! Multi-party system ensures a healthy competition between different parties and prevents dictatorship of a single party. Indian Constitution declares India as a democratic country. Multi-party system fulfils this criteria and provides chance for proper growth of the nation.

Question. Write a short note on Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP).
Answer : Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) was founded by Kanshi Ram in 1984. It seeks to represent Bahujan Samaj, which includes Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), OBCs and religious minorities. It gets inspiration from the ideas and teachings of Sahu Maharaj, Mahatma Phule, Periyar Ramaswami Naicker and BR Ambedkar. It stands for the cause of securing the interests and welfare of the dalits and oppressed people. It has its main base in Uttar Pradesh and substantial presence in neighbouring states like Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttarakhand, Delhi and Punjab.

Question. When was the Communist Party of India (Marxist) formed? Mention the ideologies of the party.
Answer : The Communist Party of India (Marxist) Party was formed in 1964. Ideologies of Communist Party of India (Marxist) are ! The party believes in Marxism-Leninism. It supports socialism, secularism and democracy and opposes imperialism and communalism. ! The party accepts democratic elections as a useful and helpful means for securing the objective of socio-economic justice in India. ! The party is critical of the new economic policies that allow free flow of foreign capital and goods into the country.

Question. What do you know about Communist Party of India?
Answer : The Communist Party of India (CPI) was formed in 1925 and believes in Marxism, Leninism, Secularism and Democracy. It opposed the forces of secessionism and communalism. It accepts parliamentary democracy as a means of promoting the interests of working class, farmers and the poor. It became weak after the split in the party in 1964 that led to the formation of Communist Party of India (Marxist). It had significant presence in Kerala, West Bengal, Punjab, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. Its support base had gradually declined over the years.

Question. How are political parties recognised as regional and national parties in India? Explain with examples.
Answer : In India, there are both national and regional parties. The parties that are present in only one of the federal units are called regional or state parties. On the other hand parties that are present in several or all units of the federation are known as national parties. Hence, the political parties are recognised as regional and national parties on the following basis ! A party that secures at least 6% of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a state and wins at least two seats, is recognised as a State or Regional party. For example, Janata Dal (Secular), Telugu Desam Party. ! A party that secures at least 6% of the total votes in Lok Sabha elections or Assembly elections in four states and wins at least four seats in the Lok Sabha , is recognised as a National party. For example, India National Congress, Bharatiya Janata Party etc.

Question. “Nearly every one of the state partes wants to get an opportunity to be a part of one or the other national level coalition.” Support this statement with arguments.
Answer : Nearly every one of the state parties wants to get an opportunity to be a part of one or the other national level coalition because ! The members of the state party get a chance of being included in the cabinet or the council of ministers. ! State parties get an opportunity and a platform to express their views and ideology at the national level. ! It helps in strengthening of federalism and democracy, and thus bringing diversity in the parliament.

Question. How do money and muscle power play an important role in elections? Explain.
Answer : Money and muscle power play an important role in elections in the following ways ! Role of money and muscle power in parties especially during elections is growing. Parties tend to nominate those candidates who have or can raise money. ! Rich people and compaines who give funds to the parties tend to have influence on the policies and decisions of the party. ! In some cases, parties support criminals who can win elections due to their power.

Question. It is true that meaningful choice is not given to the voters? Discuss.
Answer : Yes, it is true that meaningful choice is not given to the voters as often political parties do not offer them. In order to offer meaningful choice, parties must be significantly different from each other. In recent years, there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties in most parts of the world. In our country, the differences among all the major parties on the economic policies have reduced. Those who actually want different policies, have no option available to them. Sometimes, people can’t even elect very different leader either because the same set of leaders keep shifting from one party to another.

Question. What is meant by ‘defection’ in democracy? Explain.
Answer : Defection in democracy is a political phenomena. It means moving of a person from one party to another party for some personal benefit. It happens when a legislature, after having been elected from a particular party leaves it and joins in other party. Anti-Defection Law was formulated to prevent elected MLA’s and MP’s from changing parties. Now the law states that if any MLA or MP changes parties, he or she will lose seat in the legislature. The new law has brought percentage of defection down and has made dissent even more difficult.

Question. How are political parties recognised as regional and national parties in India? Explain with examples.
Answer : Democracies that follow a federal system all over the world tend to have two kinds of political parties : parties that are present in only one of the federal units and parties that are present in several or all units of the national level. Every party in the country has to register with the Election Commission. Parties that get a unique symbol and some other special facilities are ‘recognised‘ by the Election Commission for this purpose. That is why these parties are called, ‘recognised political parties‘. A party that secures at least six percent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognised as a ‘State Party.’ A party that secures at least six percent of the total votes in Lok Sabha elections or Assembly elections in four states and wins at least four seats in the Lok Sabha is recognised as a ‘National party.’

Question. How is an alliance government formed ?
Answer : When any party is not able to prove majority in elections in a multi-party system, two or more than two parties join to form an alliance government. The coalition partners in an alliance government or coalition government have common goals and agendas.

Question. ‘Dynastic succession is one of the most serious challenges before the political parties. Analyse the statement.
Answer : a. Most parties do not practise open and transparent procedures, provide very few opportunities for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party.
b. Top leaders favour only close to them or even their family members often top positions are always controlled by member of one family.

Question. Why is one party political system not considered a good option in democratic system?
Answer : Voters have no other good options to elect. Voters are not offered various choice at the time of voting. No competition among political party. There would be no opposition party as well.

Question. Suggest any five measures to reform political parties?
Answer : 1) Anti – defection law.
2) state funding.
3) pressure of public opinion.
4) ban on political parties based on religion and caste.
5) Ensure women participation in election

Question. ‘No party system is ideal for all countries and all situations’. Justify the statement with arguments.
Answer : A one – party system cannot be considered a good option because the voters do not have any choice and it is not a democratic option.
A two – party system cannot be considered idea for a country because in this system power usually ships from one party to other only
A multi- party system also cannot be considered a good option because it often appears messy and it leads to political instability

Question. ‘All over the world people express their dissatisfaction with the failure of political parties to perform their functions well’. Analysis the statement with arguments?
Answer : People express their dissatisfaction with the failure of political parties to perform their functions well. Popular discontent is focused on various problems like unemployment, inflation, poverty, crime, insecurity, corruption. Misuse of power by political parties.

Question. ‘Political party is a necessary condition for a democracy.’ Analyse the statement with examples.
Answer : Political parties contest elections. Declaration of policy and program. Helping to make law. To shape public opinion. They act as a bridge between bureaucracy and the voters. To form government. Provide people’s access to government machinery and welfare scheme.

Question. “Secularism is not an ideology of some political parties or persons, but it is one of the foundations of our country.” Examine the statement.
Answer. Introduction secularism is the foundation of our country our constitution clearly state that India is a secular country in article 25 to 28 part 3rd of constitution.

(a) there is no official religion of India like the status of Islam in Pakistan Christian in England and Buddhism in Sri Lanka.

(b) every individual is given the night right to professor propagate and practice religion of their choice or not to follow any.

(c) there is no discrimination on the ground of religion conclusion :- Thus, community threaten the very idea of democracy.

Question. Complete the following :
Political party system can be divided into ________.
Answer : Three catagories and they are one party system, two party system and Multi Party system.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question. Describe any five functions of political party.
Or
Describe the role of political parties in modern democracy.
Answer : The functions and role of political parties in modern democracy are (i) Political parties put forward different policies and programmes and the voters choose from them. (ii) Political parties play a decisive role in making laws for our country by making debate and passing law for people. (iii) Political parties form and run government by recruiting leaders, train them and make them ministers to run the government. (iv) Political parties shape public opinion by raising and highlighting important issues. (v) Political parties provide people access to government machinery and welfare schemes implemented by governments. Parties have to be responsive to people’s needs and demands otherwise people can reject those parties in the next elections.

Question. Define the Two-Party system. Explain its advantages and disadvantages.
Answer : When two major parties exist in the country and the power generally changes between them (as in USA and England), the system is known as the two-party system. Advantages of Two-Party system are ! It provides political stability to the country. ! This kind of party system discourages radical minor parties. ! This kind of party system is better than multi-party system as it is easier to govern. ! It is easier for voters to choose between only two political parties. Disadvantages of Two-Party system are ! Two-party system offers limited options to the people. ! This system creates inconsistent governing. ! These systems donot effectively tackle the issues faced by the minority or other sections of the society.

Question. “The political parties are necessary for democracy.” Justify the statement. Or What is the necessity of a political party for a democracy?
Answer : The political parties are necessary as modern democracies cannot exist without political parties. Without existence of parties, following situations may occur ! Every candidate in the elections will be independent. No one will be able to make any promises to the people about any major policy changes. ! The government may be formed, but its utility will remain ever uncertain. Elected representatives will be accountable to their constituency for what they do in the locality. But no one will be responsible for how the country will be run. ! The Panchayat elections are non-party based elections to the Panchayat in many states of India. Although, the parties do not contest formally, it is generally noticed that the village gets split into more than one group, each of which puts up a ‘panel’ of its candidates. This creates need for the political party. ! The rise of political parties is directly linked to the emergence of representatives democracies. As societies became large and complex, they needed some agency to gather different views on various issues and to present these to the government. ! Society needs a mechanism to support or restrain the government, make policies, justify or oppose them. Political parties fulfil these needs of every representative government.

Question. Describe any five features of Bharatiya Janata Party.
Answer : Bharatiya Janata Party was formed in 1980. This party has originated from the Bharatiya Jana Sangh, which was formed in 1951 by Shyama Prasad Mukherjee. The main features of this party are ! It wants to build a strong modern India by drawing inspiration from India’s ancient culture and values and Deendayal Upadhyaya’s ideas of integral humanism and Antyodaya. ! Cultural nationalism or Hindutva is an important element in BJP’s conception of Indian nationhood and politics. ! It has passed law for full territorial and political integration of Jammu and Kashmir with India. ! It claims a uniform civil code for all people living in the country irrespective of religion. ! It wants to ban on religious conversions. The party wants to get an anti-conversion law to stop religious conversion in the country. 5. Identify and list the symbols of the following political parties with their states.
(i) Shiromani Akali Dal
(ii) Samajwadi Party
(iii) AIADMK
(iv) All India Trinamool Congress
(v) Rashtriya Janata Dal

Question. Define ‘Political Party’. Describe any four main challenges faced by the Indian political parties.
Answer : A political party is a group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government. The four challenges faced by the Indian political parties are
(i) The first challenge is lack of democracy within parties. All over the world, there is a tendency in political parties towards the concentration of powers in one or few leaders at the top. Parties do not keep membership registers, do not hold organisational meetings and do not conduct internal elections regularly.
(ii) The second challenge is dynastic succession where the top positions of a party are always enjoyed by members of one particular family. This trend is harmful for other members of the party as well as for democracy. This tendency is present in some measures all over the world. (iii) The third challenge is about the growing role of money and muscle power in parties which is specially observed during elections. Rich people and companies who give funds to the parties always dominate the policies and decisions of the party.
(iv) The fourth challenge is that usually parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters. In our country, the difference among all the major parties on the economic policies have reduced. Sometimes, the same set of leaders keep shifting from one party to another, thus people have no option available to them.

Question. Describe the efforts to reform political parties in India.
Answer : The efforts that have been made to reform political parties in India are ! The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties by introducing Anti Defection law. Defection is changing party allegiance from the party on which a person got elected to a different party. The law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties he will lose the seat in the legislature. This new law has helped bring defection down. ! The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence at money and criminal. Now, it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an affidavit giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him. ! The Election Commission passed an order making it necessary for political parties to hold their organisational elections and file their income tax returns. Some effort that have to be made to reform political parties are ! A law should be made to regulate the internal affairs of political parties. It should be made compulsory for political parties to maintain a register of its members to hold open elections to follow its own Constitution, etc. ! It should be made mandatory for political parties to give a minimum number of tickets, about one-third to women candidates. ! There should be state fundings for elections. The government should give parties money to support their election expenses.

Question. Explain the role of Political Parties in a democracy.
Answer Political parties contest election. Election is a contemporary democracy are taught among the various candidate put forward by the political parties.

(b) political party show public opinion with the help of a pressure group they launch moment for the the resolving of the problem faced by the public.

(d) parties form and run the government the major policies for the government comes from the political party that won the election.

(e) parties that lost the election from the opposition they criticized the government for its failures point out of faults and mobilise is opposition to the government.

(f) political parties play a major role in decisiion making they recruit teachers train than and appoint their as ministers.

Question. “All over the world, people express their dissatisfaction with the failure of political parties to perform their functions well.” Analyse the statement with arguments.
Answer : The failure of political parties to perform their functions well is due to the following reasons :
(i) There is lack of democracy within a party, as power is mainly concentrated in the hands of few top leaders. Moreover, there are no membership registers, internal elections are also not held regularly, and ordinary members lack access to information and can’t influence decisions. Any disagreement with the leaders makes it difficult to continue in the party.
(ii) There is a tendency of dynastic succession, i.e., offering unfair advantage based on favouritism towards family and friends. However, such a practice shatters the spirit of democracy as incapable and inexperienced people come into power.
(iii) The power of money rises especially during elections. Those who can raise funds are nominated. Those people who provide funds to parties, influence policies.
(iv) Parties fail to offer meaningful choices to voters. The reasons for this is little ideological difference between parties. For example, the Labour Party and the Conservative Party in Britain agree on fundamental aspects and differs only on framing and implementation of the policies.

Question. Discuss the different kinds of party systems.
Answer : Different kinds of party systems are as follows :
(i) One-party system : One-party system is the one in which only one party can control and run the government. However, it is undemocratic as there is no competition. Voters don’t have any option but to vote for or against the candidate nominated by the single party. It is practised in communist countries like Korea, China and Cuba.
(ii) Two-party system : Two-party system is the one in which power shifts between only two major parties. There may be some other parties, which can contest and win a few seats in the national legislatures but the chance of winning the election remains with the two main parties getting majority seats. It is found in the countries like, the United States of America, Canada and the United Kingdom.
(iii) Multi-party system : Multi-party system is the one in which more than two parties contest for the election and have a chance of winning. In case no party can win clear cut majority, several parties join to form a Coalition government. However, such a system is considered to be chaotic and considered to be a source of political instability. It is found in India.

Question. Describe any five major functions of political parties performed in a democracy.
Answer : Introduction political parties perform many cruise function in democracy.

(a) it contest election parties choose candidate in content election the process of checking candidate various example in USA party remembers choice for candidate while in India top party leaders choice.

(b) sports focus policies and programs and people chance than them they the climate of Indian into measure that the party support usually on the line of ruling party.

(c). Baymack Claus latitude mein class his majority of the members are fame party dekho by the lines take up readymade make people party numbers leader which the executive.

(d) they played the role of opposition the parties which election form opposition and policies and wrong decision as public support against them.

(e) they make government machinery and welcome scheme describe two people close the party then govt.

Question. Read the following passage carefully and answers the questions given below

The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties. This was done because many elected representatives were indulging in DEFECTION in order to become ministers or for cash rewards. Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties, he or she will lose the seat in the legislature. This new law has helped bring defection down. At the same time this has made any dissent even more difficult. MPs and MLAs have to accept whatever the party leaders decide.

(i) Changing party allegiance from the party on which a person got elected (to a legislative body) to a different party is called?
a) Diversion.
b) Denial.
c) Division.
d) Defection
Answer : d) Defection

(ii) Why do elected representatives change their party after winning the election?
a) To make strong alliance
b) For minister post and cash rewards.
c) To support different political party
d) To make coalition government
Answer : b) For minister post and cash rewards.

(iii) How is defection system harmful for the democracy?
a) it creates instability and uncertainty in the government.
b) it creates pressure to the government to perform unwanted and unfair task.
c) Government has always been fear to loss its majority in the parliament.
d) All of the above.
Answer : d) All of the above.

(iv) According to Anti – Defection law what is the consequence when an MLA or MP change their party after winning election?
a) MP or MLA continue to remain at their winning seat
b) No action is initiated against those MP or MLA
c) MP or MLA lose the seat in the legislation.
d)They get cash reward and ministry post
Answer : c) MP or MLA lose the seat in the legislation.