Resources and Development Class 10 Social Science Exam Questions

Please refer to Resources and Development Class 10 Social Science Exam Questions provided below. These questions and answers for Class 10 Social Science have been designed based on the past trend of questions and important topics in your class 10 Social Science books. You should go through all Class 10 Social Science Important Questions provided by our teachers which will help you to get more marks in upcoming exams.

Class 10 Social Science Exam Questions Resources and Development

Class 10 Social Science students should read and understand the important questions and answers provided below for Resources and Development which will help them to understand all important and difficult topics.

Objective Type Questions

Question. Resources which are found in a region, but have not been utilized are called –
(a) Renewable
(b) Developed
(c) National
(d) Potential
Answer : (d) Potential

Question. Which one of the following type of resource is iron ore?
(a) Renewable
(b) Biotic
(c) Flow
(d) Non-renewable
Answer : (d) Non-renewable

Question. In which of the following states is black soil found?
(a) Jammu & Kashmir
(b) Gujarat
(c) Rajasthan
(d) Jharkhand
Answer : (b) Gujarat

Question. Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab?
(a) Intensive cultivation
(b) Over irrigation
(c) Deforestation
(d) Overgrazing
Answer : (b) Over irrigation

Question. Which one of the following methods is ideal for controlling land degradation in coastal areas and in deserts?
(a) Strip cropping
(b) Contour ploughing
(c) Planting of shelter belts
(d) Plugging of gullies
Answer : (c) Planting of shelter belts

Question. The first International Earth Summit was held in –
(a) Geneva
(b) New York
(c) Japan
(d) Rio de Janeiro
Answer : (d) Rio de Janeiro

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question. What is sheet erosion ?
Answer : Washing away of the top soil by the flowing of water as sheet over large areas down a slope is known as sheet erosion.

Question. Name two crops that can be grown on alluvial soil.
Answer : Sugarcane and Paddy.

Question. Name three states having black soil.
Answer : Maharashtra, Gujarat and Punjab.

Question. Why red soil appears to be red? OR Name two crops that can be grown on laterite soil.
Answer : Due to diffusion of iron in crystalline and metamorphic rocks. OR Tea and Coffee.

Question. Identify the soil with the help of the following features: l Red to brown in colour l Sandy in texture and saline in nature. l Lacks human and moisture
Answer : Arid Soil.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question. Describe the any three main features of ‘Alluvial soil’ found in India .
Answer : Major features of Alluvial Soil are:
(i) Alluvial Soil is considered as one of the most fertile soils amongst all soil types. Alluvial soil covers the entire northern plains in India.
(ii) Alluvial soil contain sand, silt and clay mainly due to silt deposited by the Indo-Gangetic-Brahmaputra rivers. According to age, it is classified into Banger (old alluvial) and Khadar (new Alluvial). (iii) Alluvial soil contains an ample amount of potash, phosphorus acid and lime. This soil is ideal for the growth of crops like – Sugarcane, Paddy and other crops.

Question. What are the hindrances in the development of any region ?
Answer : For the development of any region, it is necessary that there should be availability of resources. However, mere availability is not sufficient in the absence of corresponding changes in technology and institutions. In our country, there are many regions which are rich in resources but are economically backward and some regions are economically developed but have poor resource base. Thus, inadequate distribution of resources proves to be hindrance in the development of any region.

Question. How can we eradicate irrational consumption and over-utilisation of resources ?
Answer : We can eradicate irrational consumption and overutilization of resources through conservation of resources. The methods to conserve resources are :
(i) Appropriate utilization of resources.
(ii) Use of more renewable resources as compared to non-renewable resources.

Question. Why is it essential to have resource planning? Explain any three reasons.
Answer : (i) If the present trend of resource depletion by few individuals continues, the future of our planet is in danger.
(ii) Planning is essential for sustainable existence of all forms of life. Resource planning becomes extremely important in a country like India, which has enormous diversity in the availability of resources.
(iii) Indiscriminate exploitation of resources has led to global ecological crises.

Question. Describe any three measures of controlling land degradation.
OR
Explain any three steps taken to solve the problem of land degradation in India.
Answer : (i) Afforestation and proper management of grazing can help to some extent.
(ii) Planting of shelter belts, control on overgrazing, stabilisation of sand dunes by growing thorny bushes are some of the methods to check land degradation in arid areas.
(iii) Proper management of wastelands, control of mining activities, proper discharge and disposal of industrial effluents and wastes after treatment can reduce land and water degradation in industrial and suburban areas.
(iv) Contour ploughing is another step to conserve land. The fields are ploughed, harrowed and sown along the natural contour of the hills.

Question. Which is the main cause of land degradation in Gujarat, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh? How can it be checked? Explain.
Answer : (i) Main Cause : Large scale overgrazing has caused severe land degradation.
(ii) Measures to check land degradation due to overgrazing :
(a) Afforestation
(b) Proper management and control on overgrazing.

Question. What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in hilly areas? 
Answer : Following can be used for methods of soil conservation in hilly areas:
(i) Contour Ploughing: Contour ploughing or ploughing along the contour lines of a highland can decelerate the flow of water down the slopes.
(ii) Terrace Cultivation: Terrace cultivation or cutting of steps around the slopes to provide land for agriculture also checks the downhill flow of water and controls soil erosion, e.g., as in Western and Central Himalayan region.
(iii) Strip Cropping: Under this method, large fields can be divided into strips. Strips of grass are left to grow between the crops. This breaks up the force of the wind.
(iv) Afforestation: Afforestation or planting of trees in the hilly regions can help in soil conservation.

Question. Enumerate any three features of “regur” soil.
Answer : (i) Regur soil is also known as black soil.
(ii) It is ideal for growing cotton, so it is also known as “black cotton soil”.
(iii) It is made up of extremely fine clayey material.
(iv) It is rich in soil nutrients like calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash and lime.
(v) It develops deep cracks in hot weather which helps in proper aeration of the soil.
(vi) It can hold moisture and becomes sticky when wet. This type of soil needs to be tilled immediately after first shower unless it becomes very difficult to work on the soil.

Question. Suggest any three methods of soil conservation suitable to Indian conditions.
Answer : Methods of Soil Conservation :
(i) Terrace cultivation
(ii) Afforestation
(iii) Control of overgrazing
(iv) Control of mining activities.

Question. Explain any three factors responsible for soil formation.
Answer : Factors responsible for soil formation are:
(i) Parent Rock: The parent rock is the first factor which provides the basic material for the formation of soil.
(ii) Climate: Climatic factors like rainfall and changes in temperature help in breaking the parent rock into small pieces.
(iii) Vegetation: Plants help in the weathering of rocks though slowly but continuously.
(iv) Natural Agents: Various forces of nature such as actions of running water, wind and glaciers, activities of decomposers, etc., contribute to the formation of soil.

Question. Distinguish between red soil and laterite soil stating any three points of distinction.
Answer :

Question. “In India, some regions are rich in certain types of resources but deficient in some other resources”. Do you agree with the statement? Support your answer with any three examples.
Answer : Yes, there are regions which are rich in certain types of resources, but are deficient in some other resources.
(i) Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh are rich in minerals and coal deposits.
(ii) Arunachal Pradesh has an abundance of water resources, but lacks in infrastructural development.
(iii) Rajasthan is endowed with solar and wind energy but lacks in water resources.
(iv) The cold desert of Ladakh is relatively isolated from the rest of the country. It has very rich cultural heritage but it is deficient in water, infrastructure and some vital minerals.

Question. What are the three stages of resource planning in India?
Answer : Following are the three main stages of resource planning in India:
(i) Identification and inventory of resources across the regions of the country.
(ii) Evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate technology, skill and institutional set up for implementing resource development plans.
(iii) Matching the resource development plans with overall national development plans.

Question. Differentiate between stock and reserve stating two points of difference.
Answer : Stock: Materials, which have the potential to satisfy human beings, but humans do not have the appropriate technology to access these, are termed as stock. We do not have the required technical knowledge to use these resources for a specific purpose. For example, water, which is a compound of two inflammable gases—hydrogen and oxygen. Both these gases can be a rich source of energy. But, we do not know how to use them.
Reserves: These are a subset of the stock. They can be put into use with existing knowledge, but their use has not been started. For example, river water is used as a source of hydroelectricity, but to a limited extent. Thus, the water in the dams, forests, etc., is a reserve which can be used in the future.

Question. How is the issue of sustainability important for development? Explain with examples.
Answer: Introduction sustainable development means the development that take place without damaging the environment on compromising the ability of the future generation to meet their own needs.
The resources are not are not free gift of nature their explanation will lead to their depletion and does half on development example resources like a petrol some are sources their explanation will lead to their deficiency.
Resources are vital for the development industries agricultural sector all depend on resources economic development depend on resources availability.
Millions of people on their live leigh hood and sustain on resources resources like a mineral coal pre request for development water food sector are necessary for survival to protect future generation.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question. What are the main types of soil found in India ? Which type of soil is the most widespread and important soil of India ? Describe in detail about this soil type.
Answer. The main types of soil found in various parts of India are as follows :
(i) Alluvial soil.
(ii) Black soil.
(iii) Red and yellow soil.
(iv) Laterite soil.
(v) Arid or Desert soil.
(vi) Forest and Mountainous soil. Alluvial soil is the most fertile and extensively found soil in India. This type of soil is found near the river banks and is deposited by the rivers of India. The Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra are the three main rivers which are responsible for its deposition and have created the entire northern plains. These soils also extend in Rajasthan and Gujarat through a narrow corridor. Alluvial soil is also found in the eastern coastal plains particularly in the deltas of the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri rivers. Alluvial soil is more common in pediment plains such as Duars, Chos and Terai. Alluvial soil is very fertile because it contains potash, phosphoric acid and lime in adequate amount. This is why the areas where alluvial soil is found are densely populated, for example, the northern plains and the eastern coastal plain are densely populated and the most productive regions of India. The mineral content of the alluvial soil makes it ideal for the growth of paddy, wheat, other cereals and pulses and sugarcane. The alluvial soil consists of various proportions of sand, silt and clay. They are coarse in the upper reaches of the river valley especially near the break of slope and in pediment plains like Duars, Chos and Terai. Every year during annual floods alluvial soils are renewed. The Alluvial soil is of two types–Khadar and Bangar.

Question. Describe any five distinct characteristics of ‘Arid Soils’.
Answer : (i) Arid soils range from red to brown in colour.
(ii) These are sandy in texture and saline in nature.
(iii) Due to dry climate and high temperature, evaporation is faster. These soils lack humus and moisture.
(iv) These soils are occupied by Kankar. Kankar layer formations in the bottom horizons restrict the infiltration of water.
(v) After proper irrigation, these soils become cultivable.

Question. Why is soil considered as a resource? Explain with five arguments.
Answer : (i) Soil is considered as a resource because it is used to satisfy our needs.
(ii) It is the most important renewable natural resource.
(iii) It is the medium of plant growth.
(iv) It is home to innumerable forms of living organisms on earth.
(v) It is the base of our life.

Question. Provide a suitable classification of resources on the basis of ownership. Mention main features of any three types of such resources.
Answer : Classification of resources on the basis of ownership :
(i) Individual resources
(ii) Community owned resources
(iii) National resources
(iv) International resources
Features of resources classified on the basis of ownership :
(i) Individual resources: Resources which are privately owned against the payment of revenue by individuals, e.g., ponds, pasture lands, etc.
Individual Resources
• These are owned privately by individuals.
• These resources can be allotted to individuals by government against the payment of revenue, for example plantation, pasture lands, ponds, water in wells etc.
• These can be directly purchased by individuals, for example, plots, houses and other property.
(ii) Community Owned Resources
• These resources are accessible to all the members of the community.
• Examples of community resources are: public parks, picnic spots, playgrounds etc.
(iii) National Resources:
• These resources are owned by a nation.
• Technically, all the minerals, water resources, forests, wildlife, land within the political boundaries and oceanic area upto 12 nautical miles (22.2 km) from the coast termed as territorial water and resources therein belong to the nation.
(iv) International Resources:
• These resources do not belong to any individual country.
• These resources are regulated by international institution.
• Technically, the oceanic resources beyond 200 nautical miles of the Exclusive Economic Zone as belong to open ocean are termed as international resources.
• No individual country can utilise international resources without the concurrence of international institutions.

Question. How do technical and economical developments led to more consumption of resources ?
Answer : These days, technical and economical developments gain a colossus space. The government is also focusing more on technical and economical growth to make our country a fully developed country. In this process of technical and economical growth, the resources of our country are exhausting rapidly. Technological and economical developments have led to such rapid consumption of resources because of the following reasons :
(i) New and improved equipments are introduced with the development of technology, which ultimately lead to an increase in the use of natural resources.
(ii) The technological advancement is attributed to the growth of a developing country. People of an economically developing nation consume more resources. Hence, we can safely say that an improvement in economic development of a nation will directly result in the increase of its people’s consumption of resources.
(iii) Development of new technologies is widely seen in developing economies. Due to economic development, the bright minds get an opportunity to experiment with their ideas. As a matter of fact, various materials are converted in to useful resources. This creates an atmosphere, which will see a steady increase in consumption of such available resources.