Please refer to Management of Natural Resources Class 10 Science Exam Questions provided below. These questions and answers for Class 10 Science have been designed based on the past trend of questions and important topics in your class 10 Science books. You should go through all Class 10 Science Important Questions provided by our teachers which will help you to get more marks in upcoming exams.
Class 10 Science Exam Questions Management of Natural Resources
Class 10 Science students should read and understand the important questions and answers provided below for Management of Natural Resources which will help them to understand all important and difficult topics.
Very Short Answer Type Questions :
Question: Water is a valuable resource. List two ways that you would suggest every family member to save this resource.
Answer: Water is a valuable resource and to save this resource two suggestive methods are :
(i) Preventing wastage of water, in household by turning off tap when not in use while brushing, shaving, etc., and in public places.
(ii) Promoting reusing water like water, used for washing vegetables can be reused for watering garden plants.
Question. Where are colliform bacteria found in human beings?
Answer: Intestine.
Question. State the main purpose of water harvesting management and mention the source which fills the ponds besides harvesting structures.
Answer: Water harvesting management will recharge ground water and raise underground water level. Monsoon rain also fills the ponds beside harvesting structures.
Question. List any two advantages associated with water stored in the ground.
Answer: Two advantages of water stored in the ground are:
(i) Recharges the ground water. (ii) Prevents evaporation of water.
Question. How can level of water pollution be measured? List any two ways.
Answer: Two ways to check levels of water pollution is Coliform bacteria and pH .
Question. Mention any two reasons for failure to sustain underground water.
Answer: (i) Loss of vegetation cover (ii) Water demanding crops
(iii) Wastage of water (iv) Leakage
Question: Name two industries based on forest produce.
Answer : Timber industries and paper manufacturing industries are based on forest produce.
Question: Explain two main advantages associated with water harvesting at the community level.
Answer : Two advantages associated with water harvesting at community level are :
(a) Water harvesting is an ideal solution to water problems in areas having inadequate water resources.
(b) It improves the quality of water and helps in raising the ground water level.
Question: Why are the Arabari forests of Bengal known to be a good example of conserved forest ?
Answer : In 1972, West Bengal forest department found that there is great degradation of Sal forests. So forest officer A.K. Banerjee involved the local villagers in protection of these forests. They were given employment in both silviculture and harvesting operations. By 1983 the sal forests of Arabari became thick and green. So, it is a good example of conserved forest.
Question: Although coal and petroleum are produced by the degradation of biomass, yet we need to conserve these resources. Why ?
Answer : We need to conserve coal and petroleum because they are formed in millions of years and are non-renewable also and their rate of consumption is very high. So these are limited and cannot last for longer time.
Question: Why is an equitable distribution of resources essential in a society ? List two forces which are against such distribution.
Answer : Equitable distribution of resources is when every individual gets an equal right to access all the available resources and is benefited directly or indirectly. It also avoids the division of society to an extent.
The main forces which work against equitable distribution :
(a) Lack of natural resources.
(b) Excessive consumption by the rich.
(c) Profit motive of people exploiting resources.
(d) Corruption.
Question: State two advantages of conserving
(a) forests and (b) wildlife.
Answer : (a) Advantages of conserving forest :
(i) It supports life, purifies air.
(ii) Holds the soils and thus prevents the soil erosion.
(b) Advantage of conserving wildlife :
(i) Balances ecology and biodiversity.
(ii) Provides important things to sustain life.
Question: Write two advantages associated with water harvesting at the community level.
Answer : (a) Exploitation of water resources will be reduced.
(b) It helps to recharge natural wells and the ground water level.
Question: Find out the traditional systems of water harvesting or management in your region.
Answer : Ponds, pits, lakes etc., are the traditional systems of water harvesting or management in the regions where rain water is stored.
Question: How can you help in reducing the problem of waste disposal ? Write any two methods.
Answer : (a) Segregation of waste at the point of its generation for convenient disposal.
(b) Change in attitude producing less waste by adopting 3 R’s policy.
Question: Why should we conserve forests and wildlife ?
Answer : Forests and wildlife are rich source of biodiversity.
They maintain an ecological balance in nature. Forests provide us various valuable products like honey, medicines, lac, gums, resins, wood, prevent soil erosion and flood, brings rainfall, release oxygen to atmosphere which is a life supporter. Forests are habitat of variety of living organisms. Loss of biodiversity would lead to ecological imbalance so we need to conserve forests and wildlife.
Question: In the following food chain, 20,000 J of energy was available to the plants. How much energy would be available to man in this chain ?
Plants → Sheep → Man
Answer : In the given food chain, according to 10% law,
Plants → Sheep → Man
20,000 J 2000 J 200 J
Amount of energy available to the man is 200 J.
Question. State one reason for conservation of forest and wild life.
Answer: Restoring of ecological balance.
Question. Why is reuse better than recycle?
Answer: Reuse saves energy needed for recyeling , therefore it is better than recyeling.
Question. Name two categories of natural resources.
Answer: Two categories of natural resources are renewable and nonrenewable.
(i) Renewable resources can be regenerated. For example, products from forests, grasslands, soil, groundwater, biological species.
(ii) Non-renewable sources cannot be regained or reconstructed once they are used up. For example, fossil fuels, metals, minerals, etc.
Question. Industrialisation are one of the major causes of deforestation.
Answer: (i) Industries consider forest produce as a raw material.
(ii) They are not keen for sustainability of forest which is essential for getting raw materials for long time.
Question. A person lives near a forest. Make a list of four items which he can get from forest to meet his daily needs.
Answer: (i) Food, (ii) Fuel (iii) fodder for animals (iv) cotton for making clothes.
Question. Name the state in which Indira Gandhi Canal has brought greenery?
Answer: Rajasthan
Question: List two causes of pollution of river Ganga.
Answer: The two causes of pollution of river Ganga are :
(i) Increasing human activities like bathing,washing clothes, bathing of animals, in river water.
(ii) Dumping of industrial wastes and ashes of corpses which are cremated in the water of river Ganga.
Question: What is watershed management system? List two benefits derived by the communities that participate in this system.
Answer: Watershed management emphasises scientific soil and water conservation in order to increase the biomass production. The aim is to develop primary resources of land and water so that they can be used to produce secondary resources of plants and animals without causing the ecological imbalance. Benefits derived from watershed management are:
(i) It identifies degraded area of land and emphasises the need of the improvement of quality and quantity of clean water to the local community and thus ensures their participation.
(ii) Construction of a series of long trenches and mounds to hold rain water and allow it to percolate into the ground, thus increasing the ground water.
Short Answer Type Questions :
Question: Give four characteristics of a good fuel.
Answer : Four characteristics of a good fuel are :
(a) It does not cause pollution or very less pollution.
(b) It should have high calorific value.
(c) It should be economical, easily available and easily transported.
(d) It should have moderate ignition temperature.
Question: We saw in chapter (Management of natural resources) that there are four main stake-holders when it comes to forests and wildlife. Which among these should have the authority to decide the management of forest produce ? Why do you think so ?
Answer : The local people who live in or around Forest and Forest Department of Government should have the authority to decide the management of forest produce because local people know the practices to use these resources in a sustainable manner without causing any harm or damage to environment. Since we have seen in our past how local people protect the Sal forests of Arabari and tribal women of Tehri-Garhwal district of UP protest against the felling of trees by hugging them. There should also be a governing body which should take steps and create awareness among people for conserving and managing forests and wildlife resources.
Question: Which of the two is better option :
(a) To collect rain water in ponds or artificial lakes.
(b) To let it recharge ground water by water harvesting.
List two causes for the failure of sustained availability of ground water.
Answer : To let it recharge ground water by water harvesting is better option than to collect rain water in ponds or artificial lakes because there is no loss of water by evaporation, water does not get contaminated due to human activities, it does not provide a breeding place for mosquitoes, flies etc.
The causes for the failure of sustained availability of ground water are :
(a) Rising population demands more water which leads to depletion of ground water level.
(b) Growing industries and dumping of effluents and wastes from them causes pollution of ground water.
Question: List four causes of damage to forests.
Answer : Four causes of damage to forests are :
(a) By the local people for the fulfilment of their daily needs.
(b) By industrialists causing deforestation for industrial needs.
(c) Deforestation for developmental projects such as building, roads, dams etc.
(d) By tourists or in making arrangements for tourists.
Question: Why are certain forests considered ‘‘biodiversity hot spots’’ ? Suggest any two ways in which an individual can contribute effectively to the management of forests and wildlife.
Answer : Certain forests are considered as “biodiversity hot spots” because, in a forest, various species are available. Two ways in which an individual can contribute effectively to the management of forest and wildlife are :
(a) Avoiding cutting of trees and killing of animals and wildlife.
(b) Educating people about the importance of forests
and wildlife in sustenance of life on the earth.
Question: What is meant by wildlife ? How is it important for us ?
Answer :
Wildlife refers to all the naturally occurring plants, animals, birds and other life forms which are found in the forests and are not domesticated.
Importance of wildlife :
(a) It is essential to maintain the ecological balance of the nature.
(b) It provides a great biological diversity in an area.
(c) It serves as a source of various valuable products, such as drugs, honey, lac, decorative leather, etc.
Question: What is “Sustainable Management of Natural Resources” ? Why is it necessary ? Which one out of reuse and recycle, would you practise in your daily life and why ?
Answer : Managing resources to meet current basic human needs, while preserving the resources for the needs of future generations and maintaining the quality of the environment is known as “Sustainable management of natural resources “
It is necessary :
(a) To maintain the quality of the environment.
(b) To ensure the continuity of the resources.
I will prefer reuse because the process of recycling requires energy.
Question: Compare the traditional system with the probable systems in hilly or mountainous areas or plains or plateau regions.
Answer : Water harvesting system in hilly or mountainous areas is different from plains or plateau regions because in hilly regions like in Himachal Pradesh local systems of canal irrigation which are man-made channels through which water flows from streams and were carried to various villages. These were called Kulhs. This method was practiced nearly 400 years ago. But in plains or plateaus water is stored in dams, tanks etc.
Question: On the basis of the issue raised in this chapter, (Management of natural resources) what changes would you incorporate in your life style in a move towards a sustainable use of our resources ?
Answer : Changes that I would incorporate in my life for sustainable use of our resources are :
(a) Use of energy efficient bulbs instead of conventional bulbs.
(b) Planting more trees.
(c) Switching off lights, fans, TV, computer when not in use.
(d) Closing off water taps while shaving, brushing.
(e) Repairing leaky taps and pipes on time.
(f) Separating biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes before disposing them in dustbins.
(g) Walking to nearby places and using of public transport to conserve fuels.
(h) Use of renewable sources of energy like solar energy.
Question: What is sustainable development ? State its two main objectives.
Answer : The development which can be maintained for a long time without undue damage to the environment is known as sustainable development.
Two objectives :
(a) To provide the economic well being to the present and future generation.
(b) To maintain a healthy environment and life support system.
Question: Why should there be equitable distribution of resources ? List three forces that would be working against an equitable distribution of our resources.
Answer : There should be equitable distribution of the resources so that all the people irrespective of being rich and poor have access and makes use of the resources. Equitable resource distribution also leads to sustainable development.
Three factors that work against equitable distribution of resources are :
(a) Over exploitation of resources by industrialists for short-term gains.
(b) Improper management which has led to access of natural raw material to certain group of people which are either influential. The environmental laws, rule are not implemented properly.
(c) Wastage by the people who have indifferent attitude towards environment, use the resources with short term aim hence leading to depletion of resources.
Question: What is sustainable management ? Why is reuse considered better in comparison to recycle ?
Answer : Sustainable management is a resource management technique which aims to conserve the resource, use them efficiently and avoid their misuse for individual purpose such that they are conserved for the future.
Reuse is better than recycle because of following reasons :
(a) Recycling needs some processes to use the same material again.
(b) Reuse saves energy by using same material again without any changes.
(c) Reuse prevents environmental pollution by not creating any waste.
(d) Reuse saves cost as material is used again without any process.
Question: Why must we conserve our forests ? List two factors responsible for causing deforestation.
Answer : We must conserve forests because we derive countless benefits such as food, timber etc., from them and they are an important component of our ecosystem.
Factors that contribute to deforestation are as follows :
(a) Large scale development projects have contributed to the loss of forests.
(b) Forests are cleared on a large scale to meet the growing needs of industrialisation, especially fuel wood and for other forest products and minerals.
(c) Mining has also contributed to deforestation. (d) With the increase in population and growing demand for commercial crops and the need for more and more land for agriculture, has lead to deforestation.
(e) Growing urbanisation, trees are cut to establish cities, to lay down infrastructure.
Question: Explain how would the involvement of local people be useful for successful management of forests.
Answer : The involvement of local people will be useful for the successful management of forests in the following ways :
(a) They should be aware of the fact that decrease in forest cover would disturb the ecological balance. If they show their objection against any such illegal activity that would destroy the forests, it can lead to a massive effect that will help in management of forests more effectively.
(b) Phenomena’s like forest fires must be reported immediately so that necessary action can be taken soon and more area can be protected.
Question: Why are coal and petroleum categorised as natural resources ? Give a reason as to why they should be used judiciously ?
Answer : Natural resources are those living and non-living sources available in our environment which are exploited to meet the human requirements. Since coal and petroleum are actually the fossils of the dead plants and animals respectively, hence considered as natural resources.
Both coal and petroleum are used as important sources of energy since long time. Both these fossil fuels were formed millions of years ago from the degradation of biomass. Since, these fossil fuels are non-renewable in nature and they have limited reserves, therefore they must be used judiciously, otherwise they will get exhausted very soon.
Question: List three advantages each of :
(a) exploiting resources with short term aims, and
(b) using a long term perspective in managing our natural resources.
Answer : (a) Three advantages of exploiting resources with short term aims :
(i) Immediate benefit to few people.
(ii) Progress in science and technology for development in a country.
(iii) Urbanisation and industrialisation of an area :
(b) Three advantage of using along time perspective :
(i) Resources will be made available for sustaining development.
(ii) Provides valuable contribution to the socioeconomic development.
(iii) Quality of environment will be conserved.
Question: Management of forest and wildlife resources is a very challenging task. Why ? Give any two reasons.
Answer : Management of the forest and wildlife resources is considered as a challenging task because :
(a) There are many stakeholders of forest. They are those people who are directly or indirectly involved in forest. Management of forest and wildlife has to take into account the interests of all these stakeholders which becomes a challenging task.
(b) Industries would consider the forest as merely a source of raw material for its factories and huge interest groups lobby the government for access to these raw materials at artificially low rates which further poses a challenge to manage the forest and wildlife resources.
Question: You being an environmentalist are interested in contributing towards the conservation of natural resources. List four activities that you can do on your own.
Answer : We can bring following activities in practice to conserve the natural resources :
(a) We can reuse and recycle the paper products, so that cutting of trees could be reduced.
(b) We can reduce the consumption of water by avoiding its wastage in our day to day activities.
(c) We can also adopt water harvesting like rain water harvesting.
(d) We can reduce the consumption of fossil fuels by using public transport, carpool and switching off vehicles at signals.
Question: What is water harvesting ? List two main advantages associated with water harvesting at the community level. Write two causes for the failure of sustained availability of groundwater.
Answer : Water harvesting means capturing rain where it falls or capturing the run off in village or town. It can be done by capturing run off from roof tops and local catchments.
Advantages :
(a) Harvesting water allows capturing better utilization of an energy resource or when there is an immediate need.
(b) This water is suitable for irrigation and for recharging the ground water level.
Causes for failure of sustained ground water availability are :
(a) Increase in agricultural activities leads to depletion or overuse of ground water.
(b) Increase in population and industries are also responsible for the same which leads to deforestation.
Question: How do advantages of exploiting natural resources with short term gains in mind differs from the advantages of managing our resources with a long term perspective ?
Answer : Exploitation of natural resources with short-term gains aims at providing all the benefits to the current generation for their growth and development without any consideration for the future. To obtain these gains, a large number of exhaustible resources are being used extensively which has detrimental effects on our environment. In case of long term perspective, the resources are utilised in a more judicious manner so that they are also conserved for future generations. It ensures uniform distribution among the people. Also, the resources are utilised in a more eco-friendly manner which is advantageous for environment.
Question. What would be the advantages of exploiting resources with short term aims ?
Answer: Short term aim means use it today and don’t bother about future.
advantages:
(i) It fulfills the immediate requirement of people.
(ii) It provides industrial growth.
(iii) It is needed for economic development.
(iv) It leads to comforts in life.
Question. What is sustainable management? Why is reuse considered better in comparison to recycle?
Answer: Sustainable management is a resource management technique which aims to conserve the resources and use them efficiently to avoid their misuse for individual purposes such that they are conserved for the future.
Reuse is better than recycle because of the following reasons:
(i) Recycling needs some processes to use the same material again.
(ii) Reuse saves energy by using material again without any changes.
(iii) Reuse prevents environmental pollution by not creating any waste.
(iv) Reuse saves cost as same material is used again without any process.
Question. Why is sustainable management of natural resources necessary? Why is reuse better as compared to recycle?
Answer: Natural resources are an integral part of our life. As some resources are exhaustible, non-judicious use of such resources will lead to their depletion and ultimate banishment, which will affect the life on Earth. By sustainable use of these natural resources, we are able to conserve our environment. Hence, sustainable management of resources is very necessary.
Reuse is better than recycle because
(i) Recycling needs some energy consuming processes to use the same material again.
(ii) Reuse saves energy by using material again without any change.
(iii) Reuse prevents environmental pollution by not creating any waste.
(iv) It also saves cost as same material is used again without any processing.
Question. We often observe domestic waste decomposing in the by lanes of our homes. List two ways to make the residents aware that the improper disposal of wastes is harmful to the environment and also for their own health.
Answer: (i) Distributing leaflets to residents
(ii) Calling meeting and organising waste disposal system.
Question. Explain how would the involvement of local people be useful for successful management of forests.
Answer: The involvement of local people will be useful for the successful management of forests in the following ways:
(i)They should be aware of the fact that diminishing forest cover would disturb the ecological balance.
If they show their objection against any such illegal activity that would destroy the forests, it can lead to a massive effect that will help in management of forests more effectively as it happened during Chipko Andolan.
(ii) Phenomenon forest fires must be reported immediately to the forest officers. The sooner the action is taken, more the area will be protected. Forest fires purposely caused by local people must not be practiced.
Question. Management of forest and wild life resources is a very challenging task. Why? Give any two reasons.
Answer: Management of forest and wildlife resources is considered as a challenging task because:
(i) There are many stakeholders of forest. They are those people who are directly or indirectly involved in forest. Management of forest and wildlife has to take into account the interests of all these stakeholders which become a challenging task .
(ii) Industries would consider the forest as merely a source of raw material for its factories and huge interest-groups lobby the government for access to these raw materials at artificially low rates which further poses a challenge to manage the forest and wildlife resources.
Question. Explain two main advantages associated with water harvesting at the community level.
Answer: Two advantages associated with water harvesting at community level are:
(i) Water harvesting is an ideal solution to water problems in areas having inadequate water resources. It mitigates the effect of drought.
(ii) It improves the quality of water and helps in raising groundwater level.
Question. After the examination Rakesh with his friends went on a picnic to a nearby park. All friends carried cooked food packed in plastic bags or plastic cans. After eating the food some friends collected the leftover food and plastic bags etc and planned to dispose them off by burning. Rakesh immediately checked them and suggested to segregate the leftover food and peels of fruits from the plastic materials and respectively dispose them off separately in the green and blue dustbins placed in the corner of the park.
(i) In your opinion, is burning plastic an eco-friendly method of waste disposal? Why? State the advantage of method suggested by Rakesh.
(ii) How can we contribute in maintaining the parks and roads neat and clean?
Answer: (i) No, burning plastic creates lot of pollution and has health hazards.
Rakesh separated biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes which saves time and energy for separation in green and blue dustbins respectively. Green dustbin waste is sent to compost forming unit or waste to energy conversion plant whereas wastes from blue dust bin is sent for recycling.
(iii) We should not throw anything in the park. We should not use polythene.
Question. What are ’biodiversity hot spots’? What is the measure of biodiversity in an area? How is it being affected?
Answer: Forests are a store house of biodiversity (hotspots of biodiversity). One measure of biodiversity of an area is the types and number of species found there. Biodiversity of an area is being affected by destruction of forests.
Question. State two advantages of conser)v fionrge st(s, (ii) wild life.
Answer: There are innumerable advantages of conserving forests, such as:
(i) It supports life, helps in maintaining the quality of air, water and basic essentials of existence of life.
(ii) Stability in soil is possible by trees. It enables the land based plants and animals to live
(i) Forests also supply raw materials to many industries, such as wood, spices, medicinal herbs, etc.
Advantages of conserving wildlife:
(i) It helps in maintaining ecological balance and biodiversity.
(ii) We depend upon wildlife for food, clothing, medicines and many other products.
Question. What is meant by wildlife? How is it important for us?
Answer: All the living forms, including both plants and animals that live in their natural environment, i.e.
forests is wildlife.
Wildlife is of great importance for us:
(i) It maintains the ecological balance of the nature.
(ii) It provides us with many useful resources.
Question. What changes would you suggest in your home in order to be environment friendly ?
Answer: Changes that I would suggest at my home in order to be environment friendly are
(i) Using a jute bag instead of plastic or polythene bag.
(ii) Switching off fans and light in the rooms which are not being used
(iii) Avoiding AC as far as possible and using fans or coolers.
(iv) Using water again and again like water after washing vegetable can be used to water the plants.
(v) Recycling clothes till they can be used for different purposes
(vi) Throwing organic and recyclable waste in separate bins
Question. Dams are bane or boon ?
Answer: Dams are useful in producing hydroelectricity, fishing, irrigation and tourism If their construction is not planned properly it may lead to
(i) Economic problems (ii) Ecological problems
(iii) Social problems
Example: Tehri Dam, Tawa Dam.
Question. What are the reasons of destruction of forests?
Answer: Forests are destroyed:
(i) For Cultivation of crops (Deforestation.)
(ii) For firewood, charcoal, mineral ores, timber, bamboo, fodder and raw materials for paper, rubber and other forest products like gum, resin, medicinal plants, spices, oils, ‘etc. Due to extensive deforestation animals and birds migrate to other places or die of hunger and their number decreases.
(iii) Because of water, land and air pollution caused by industries resulting in the death of wild animals and plants.
(iv) Because of urbanization (building cities and establishment of estates) leads to the death of wildlife.
(v) Because of forest fires, heavy floods, etc. kill the wildlife, extensive hunting of animals for food, money and luxury items decreases the number of wildlife.
Question. Describe the structure of a traditional water harvesting system with the help of a diagram.
Answer:
In largely level terrain, water harvesting system are generally crescent shaped, earthen embankments or low, straight, concrete- and rubble check dams built across a seasonally flooded gullies. Monsoon rains fill the ponds behind structures. Only the largest structure hold the water year round. Most of them dry up six months or less after the monsoon.
Question. Name the terms used in different states and languages that is used for water harvesting structures.
Answer: The terms used in different states and languages that is used for water harvesting structures
(i) Khadins, tanks and nadis – Rajasthan.
(ii) Bandharas and tals – Maharashtara
(iii) Bundhis – MP and UP
(iv) Ahars and pynes – Bihar
(v) Kulhs – HP
(vi) Ponds – kandli belt of Jammu
(vii) Eris – Tamilnadu
(viii) Surangams – Kerala
(ix) Kattas – Karnatatka.
Question. What were main reasons behind ‘Ganga Action Plan’ which was initiated in 1985? What values can be learnt from such plans
Answer: Main aims of Ganga Action Plan were:
(i) To improve quality of river water
(ii) To check growth of E.coli bacteria and other micro-organism.
(iii)To prevent disposal of industrial, domestic, sewage waste.
(iv) To prevent immersion dead remains of humanbeings.
Values:
(i) Conservation of most important natural resource i.e. water.
(ii) Preservation of cultural values
(iii) Cleanliness
Question. Why should we conserve forests and wild life?
Answer: (i) Forests purify the air and also prevent pollution of air.
(ii) Forests regulate the climate by maintaining the level of rainfall necessary for their own existence.
(iii) Forests also provide rubber, wood, timber, fuel, wood, paper, fodder, gum, resin, kattha, edible fruits and medicinal plants for industries as well as local people.
(iv) Forests serve as a source of income to tribal societies even today
Question. Suggest some approaches towards the conservation of forests
Answer: Following steps should be taken to conserve forests:
(i) Silviculture is one of the major programme started to replenish forests. Some of the benefits
achieved through this programme are
• It has helped in preserving the environment by bringing more and more area under forests
• It produces large quantities of raw materials for various industries
(ii) Afforestation should be there in the areas which are unfit for agriculture, along the highways and rivers
(iii) Awareness programme should be there. A special programme of tree plantation called Van Mahotsava is held every year in our country. It should be made more popular.
Question: What is meant by ‘‘sustainable management’’? Why is reuse considered better than recycling?
Answer: Sustainable management means managing the use of natural resources in a way that they fulfill the needs of present generation and are also conserved for future generations.Reuse is considered better than recycling because reusing products reduces the amount of waste and saves energy needed to recycle it.
Question: Everyone of us can do something to reduce our personal consumption of various natural resources. List four such activities based on 3-R approach.
Answer: Activities which can reduce consumption of natural resources are as follows:
(i) If we take public transport instead of private transport to travel to our destinations then we can help reduce the use of fossil fuels.
(ii) Reusing the water used for washing vegetables, to water plants in the garden can help in saving water.
(iii) Repairing and reusing old mobiles, televisions, etc., help reduce consumption of natural resources.
(iv) Promoting the use of furniture made of metals, fabrics, etc., instead of wood can help reduce the cutting of trees for making such items.
Question: What is meant by three types of ‘R’ (3-Rs) to save the environment? Explain with examples how would you follow the 3-Rs in your school to save the environment.
Answer: 3-Rs to save the environment are reduce, recycle and reuse. For sustainable use of resources, the three Rs can be practised in school in following ways :
Reduce : Switching off unnecessary lights and fans when not in use, avoiding wastage of food, closing of over flowing taps.Recycle : Students should segregate the wastes generated in classroom and should discard them in separate dustbins for their proper disposal.
Reuse : Certain items can be reused like old books should not be thrown instead can be given to junior students for their use.
Question: Write two advantages of sustainable management of natural resources. Out of the two – reuse and recycle – which is better and why? junior students for their use.
Answer: Two advantages of sustainable management of natural resources are :
(i) It avoids wasteful use of natural resources and (ii) Benefits of the resources are conserved for present as well as future generations. Of the two, reuse and recycle, reuse is better because reusing an item helps to conserve energy that may be required to recycle it.
Question: What is meant by wildlife? How is it important for us?
Answer: Life in any form (plants or animals), which exists in its natural habitat is called wildlife. Wildlife is very important for us, as it provides ecological stability by maintaining the food chain. Wildlife is important to us in following ways:
(i) Wildlife is a renewable source of large variety of commercial products like food, fur, lac, musk, leather, feather, ivory, timber, fibre, fodder, fuel, medicines, etc., which can be used from time to time.
(ii) Wildlife is considered as gene bank, which can be used for producing high yielding plants and animals through the process of selection and hybridisation.
(iii) The wildlife can be used commercially to earn money through tourism (jungle safari, etc.) as it provides best means of sports and recreation.
Question: Why must we conserve our forests? List two factors responsible for causing deforestation.
Answer: We must conserve our forests as they are useful resources. Forests are useful to us in many ways:
(i) They provide living places (natural habitats), shelter, protection and food to our wildlife.
(ii) They provide timber for making furniture, houses, boats and other useful things of daily use.
(iii) Theyprovide raw materials for paper, rayon and many other industries.
(iv) They are the rich source of many other things like honey, lac, medicines, dyes, katha, sandalwood, spices etc.
(v)They help in maintaining a balance of gases like CO2 and O2 in the atmosphere, etc.
Two main reasons for deforestation are as follows:
(i) Indiscriminate felling of trees for the purpose of timber, fuel and industrial demand of wood, building dams, etc.
(ii) Over-grazing by a large livestock population.
Question: Management of forest and wild life resources is a very challenging task. Why? Give any two reasons.
Answer: Management of the forest and wildlife resources is considered as a challenging task as there are many stakeholders of forest. These stakeholders are directly or indirectly involved in forest and wildlife resources. fiese stakeholders are :
(i)The people who live in or around forests and are dependent on forest products for various aspects of their lives.
(ii) The industrialists who use various forest products and the wildlife enthusiasts who want to conserve the forest and wildlife.
Question: State two advantages of conserving (i) forests, and (ii) wildlife.
Answer: Two advantages of conserving forests and wildlife are :
(i) Forests
(a) Forests provide us a number of valuable goods i.e., wood, spices, rubber, etc.
(b) Forests help to reduce atmospheric pollution. They absorb CO2, collect suspended particles and reduce noise.
(ii) Wildlife
(a) Wildlife helps to maintain ecological balance of nature.
(b) Wild animals are a source of valuable products like ivory, honey, musk, etc.
Question: What is biodiversity? What will happen if biodiversity of an area is not preserved? Mention one effect of it.
Answer: Biodiversity refers to the variety and variability of living organisms on Earth or in a particular habitat. Biodiversity forms the foundation of the vast array of ecosystem services (pollination, food, timber, spices, etc.) that critically contribute to human well being. Biodiversity boosts ecosystem productivity where each species, no matter how small, has an important role to play. Hence, biodiversity is required for maintaining ecological balance. Loss of biodiversity will disturb ecological balance and create an ecological imbalance. Moreover it will deprive humans of some important ecological services.
Question: List two criteria of measuring the biodiversity of an area.
Answer:The basic criteria of measuring the biodiversity of an area are:
(i)The presence of varied number of organisms and the type of ecosystem present in the area.
(ii) Indicator organisms are also a measure of biodiversity.
Question: List two problems that may arise by planting trees of single variety over vast tracts of forest.
Answer: Two major problems that may arise by planting trees of single variety over a vast tract of forest are
(i) Loss of biodiversity
(ii) Varied need of the local people will not be fulfiolled.
Question: Monoculture of a particular type of tree is no substitute for natural forests. List two reasons to justify this statement.
Answer: Monoculture of few plants is useful for few industries. It is a source of earning for the forest department only but leads to loss of biodiversity and also varied needs of villagers and local people cannot be met. Hence, it cannot be a substitute of natural forest.
Question: Explain two main advantages associated with water harvesting at the community level.
Answer: Two advantages of water harvesting at community level are:
(i) Water can be used for irrigation
(ii) Water can be used to recharge wells and to raise the water table.
Question: What is ‘Chipko movement”? Why should we conserve forests?
Answer: Chipko movement was started by women to stop the felling of forest trees of their area. These women literally clasped the tree trunks to prevent the workers of the contractor to cut the trees. It was started in early 1970s in village Reni in Garhwal district of Uttarakhand.
Forests are important renewable natural resources dominated mainly by trees. They are essential for ecological balance of all ecosystems. They maintain biological diversity, regulate water cycle, prevent soil erosion and oods, recharge water table, etc. We obtain many useful products like wood, food, drugs etc., from forests. Thus, conservation of forests is utmost important.
Question: What is water harvesting? How can this technique help in the conservation of water?
Answer: Water harvesting is the technique used to capture and store rainwater for future use by making special water harvesting structures. Properly stored rainwater can be used for human consumption, irrigation and can be used to raise the water table. Hence, it helps in the conservation of water.
Question: The construction of large dams leads to social and environmental problems. List two problems of each category.
Answer: Social and environmental problems that arise due to building of dams are:
(a) Social problems :
(i) People residing in the area where dam is being built are rendered homeless.
(ii) Unequal distribution of water is another social problem.
(b) Environmental problems :
(i) Deforestation
(ii) Loss of biodiversity
Question: List four advantages of properly managed watershed management.
Answer: Four advantages of properly managed watershed management are :
(i) It increases the crop production.
(ii) It increases the income of the watershed community.
(iii) It reduces the menace of drought andf foods.
(iv) It enhances the life of downstream dams and reservoirs.
Question: List two main causes of the pollution of water of the river Ganga. State how pollution and contamination of the river water prove harmful for the health of the people of neighbouring areas.
Answer: Two main causes of pollution of water of river Ganga are:
(i) Human activities like bathing, washing clothes and cleaning of animals in the river water makes the water dirty.
(ii) Dumping of materials used in religious rituals like objects of worship (idols, sticks,flowers, sweets, plates made of banana leaves, etc.) as well as dumping ashes generated after cremation of dead bodies also pollutes river water.
Such contaminated and polluted river water poses various health hazards to the people living nearby. It contains various pathogenic microbes that cause diseases like typhoid, cholera, jaundice, etc., in the people who consume it. Bathing in such water can cause various skin diseases in humans.
Question: Building of big dams gives rise to some problems. List three main problems that may arise. Suggest a solution to any one of these problems.
Answer: The three problems which arise due to construction of big dams are :
(i) Social problems : Building of dams cause displacement of large number of local people without sufficient compensation and rehabilitation.
(ii) Economic problems : Large amount of money is used for construction of dams.
(iii) Environmental problems : Construction of dams leads to enormous deforestation and loss of biodiversity.
A proper compensation must be given to the local people who are rendered homeless due to building of the dam.
Question: List four advantages of water stored in the ground as “ground water”.
Answer: Four advantages of conserving water in the form of ground water are :
(i) It does not evaporate hence can be used for longer time.
(ii) It provides moisture for vegetation over a large area.
(iii) It remains protected from contamination and hence is fit for human consumption.
(iv) Ground water does not become a breeding site for mosquitoes.
Question: What is water harvesting? Mention any two water harvesting structures.
Answer: Rainwater harvesting is the technique used to capture and store rain water for future use by making special water harvesting structures. Kulhs and Khadins are two ancient water harvesting structures which are still in use today.
Question: “Burning of fossil fuels results in global warming”. Give reasons to justify this statement.
Answer: Burning of fossil fuels releases gases like carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen and sulphur. Of these gases, carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, because it traps Sun’s heat and keeps Earth warm and hospitable. Excess of this gas results in enhanced greenhouse effect causing increase in mean annual temperature of Earth (global warming).
Question: List the products of combustion of fossil fuels. What are their adverse effects on the environment?
Answer: The products of combustion of fossil fuels are carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. Following are their adverse effects on the environment :
(i) Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides combine with rain water and make it acidic. It falls on Earth as acid rain and damages trees, plants, buildings and metal structures.
(ii) Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. Increase in amount of carbon dioxide in atmosphere causes enhanced greenhouse effect that leads to global warming.
Question: List two products of combustion of fossil fuels other than carbon dioxide. What happens when combustion takes place in insuficient air? Name a greenhouse gas. nitrogen and sulphur. Of these gases, carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, because it traps Sun’s heat and keeps Earth warm and hospitable. Excess of this gas results in enhanced greenhouse effect causing increase in mean annual temperature of Earth (global warming).
Answer: Two products of combustion of fossil fuels other than carbon dioxide are sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. In insuffcient air, combustion of fossil fuel produces carbon monoxide. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas.
Question: State any four personal choices you would like to make to reduce energy consumption without affecting the quality of life or work explaining how each one of them would help you to do so.
Answer: The personal choices that we would like to make to reduce energy consumption include :
(i) Avoiding wastage of non-renewable sources by using most efficient fuels in a judicious manner.
(ii) Changes in lifestyle to avoid wastage of energy because energy saved is energy produced.
(iii) Use of alternative and renewable resources of energy like solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, etc., for our energy requirements instead of fossil fuels.
(iv) Using most efficient heating devices for burning fuels.
Long Answers Type Questions
Question: (a) What is meant by rain water harvesting ? Name some of the ancient structures used for rain water harvesting by the rural people.
(b) What are the various advantages of water stored in ground ?
Answer : (a) Rain water harvesting is a process of collecting and storing rain water by using special techniques for future use when there is shortage of water or during non-rainy days. There were various traditional methods by the rural people for rain water harvesting. These include Khadins, Nadis, Bandharas, Kulhs, Kattas, Tals etc.
(b) The various advantages of water stored in ground are :
(i) Water is not polluted.
(ii) Water does not get evaporated but it spreads out to recharge wells.
(iii) It does not serve as breeding places for mosquitoes, flies.
(iv) It does not get contaminated due to human activities.
(v) It provides moisture for vegetation.
(vi) Mitigates flood and droughts.
Question: (a) What is sustainable development ? Why is it necessary ?
(b) What is water harvesting ? List its four benefits.
Answer : (a) Sustainable development is development which meets the current basic human needs, while preserving the resources for the needs of future generation. It is necessary for the conservation of environment.
(b) Water harvesting : Water harvesting is the process of collecting and storing rain water by using various techniques so that it can be used in future during non-rainy seasons when there will be scarcity of water and in case of drought.
Benefits of water harvesting are :
(i) Recharges wells or ground water.
(ii) Provides moisture for vegetation.
(iii) It is not lost by evaporation.
(iv) It does not provide a breeding place for mosquitoes.
(v) Prevents ground water from contamination due to human and animal wastes.
Question: Is water conservation necessary ? Give reasons. Suggest a few useful ways of utilizing waste water.
Answer : Yes, water conservation is necessary because :
(a) Fresh water constitutes a very small portion of the world and it is unevenly distributed throughout the world.
(b) Requirement of water in urban and rural areas is much more than its availability.
(c) Wide fluctuations in rain fall throughout the year so water shortage occurs in most part of the world.
(d) Demand of water is increasing for domestic use as well as for agricultural purposes.
(e) Ground water level is also decreasing in various parts due to loss of vegetation cover.
(f) Water in rivers, ponds, lakes etc., are getting polluted due to effluents release from industries as well as dumping of garbage.
Few useful ways of utilising waste water are :
(a) It can be used for irrigation purposes.
(b) It can be used for recharging ground water.
(c) The waste water obtained from water purifier and other sources can be used for gardening, moping floor etc.
(d) Sludge separated from sewage can be used as compost or manure.
(e) It can be used as cooling water for power plants and oil refineries.
(f) Industries can treat the waste water and then
letting into water bodies to stop pollution.
Question: What are dams ? Give some examples of major dams in our country ? State some benefits of constructing dams ?
Answer : Dams are large water storage bodies built by government agencies to regulate the flow of water and utilize it for benefit of human beings. There are many dams constructed across major rivers in different parts of our country. For examples :
(a) Bhakhra dam across river Sutlej in Punjab.
(b) Tehri dam on river Ganga in Uttarakhand.
(c) Mettur dam on river Cauvery in Tamil Nadu.
(d) Sardar Sarovar dam on river Narmada in Gujarat.
(e) Hirakud dam on river Mahanadi in Odisha .
Some benefits of constructing dams are :
(a) It stores adequate amount of water which can be used for irrigation.
(b) Water can be supplied to villages and towns when there is shortage of water through pipelines.
(c) It can be used to generate hydroelectricity.
(d) It can be used for flood control.
Question: (a) In the context of conservation of natural resources, explain the terms reduce, recycle and reuse.
(b) Why is conservation of water necessary ? State any four reasons.
Answer : (a) (i) Reduce : Less use of natural resources, avoid wastage of food, water, electricity etc.
(ii) Recycle : Collection of materials like plastic,
glass, metals, paper etc., and recycle these materials to make required items instead of synthesizing fresh ones. This would save natural resources
(iii) Reuse : Still better than recycling as no energy is required here and the already used things or items are used again and again.
Conservation of water is necessary because :
(b) (i) Essential for living organisms.
(ii) It has limited availability.
(iii) Conservation of water allows its equitable distribution.
(iv) Essential for sustainable development.
Question: (a) Water is an elixir of life, a very important natural resource. Your science teacher wants you to prepare a plan for a formative assessment activity, ‘‘How to save water, the vital natural resource’’.
Write any two ways that you will suggest to bring awareness in your neighbourhood, on how to save water.
(b) Name and explain any one way by which the underground water table does not go down further.
Answer : (a) Water is one of the most precious natural resources that has varied importance in our lives. It is an essential component of the human body, and is used almost everywhere in our day to day activities such as cooking, washing, farming etc. It is an indispensable part of our lives, without which the life on earth is not possible. However, the amount of fresh water available for sustaining life is very less, so it is very important to save water by the following ways :
(i) Turning off the taps during brushing, washing clothes/utensils etc., and use of buckets instead of showers for bathing.
(ii) Reusing of water by storing water after washing fruits and vegetables for watering plants and cleaning cars. (b) Underground water table can be recharged through rainwater harvesting. Rainwater harvesting is a process by which rain water is collected and stored for the purpose of recharging the ground water or for future use like for irrigation and agriculture. In India, rainwater harvesting is an old tradition which is followed till now in many parts of India. For example, bawris are traditional architectual rainwater harvesters that were built for collecting water in the state of Rajasthan.
There are two ways of rainwater harvesting :
(i) Surface run off harvesting : In urban areas, rain water that flows away from the surface can be collected and used for various purposes.
(ii) Rooftop rainwater harvesting : The rainwater on the roofs of the buildings is collected through canals that drains the water into ground reservoirs.
This stored water is later utilised.
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